Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Documentation/Languages/de

German
language, modern language
Subclass ofSouth Germanic, West Germanic Edit
Native labelDeutsch Edit
Has grammatical casenominative case, genitive case, dative case, accusative case Edit
Has tensepresent tense, future tense, preterite, perfect tense Edit
Has grammatical moodindicative, imperative, subjunctive Edit
Has grammatical gendermasculine, feminine, neuter Edit
Writing systemGerman alphabet, Latin script Edit
Uses capitalization fornoun Edit
Language regulatory bodyCouncil for German Orthography, Leibniz Institute for the German Language Edit
UNESCO language status1 safe Edit
Ethnologue language status1 National Edit
Studied inGerman studies, theological languages Edit
Related categoryCategory:German pronunciation Edit
Entry in abbreviations tableнем. Edit
Wikimedia language codede Edit

This is an outline of how German lexemes are currently modelled.

General edit

Language item edit

German (Q188)

Language code edit

Lexical categories edit

Properties edit

Etymology edit

Other properties edit

Forms edit

Properties edit

Senses edit

Properties edit

Nouns edit

  • All verbs can be used as nouns by capitalising them (with gender neuter (Q1775461) and declension class -(e)s/- (Q105683521)). These should not normally be added as separate lexemes unless there is a good reason to, e.g. if they have new idiomatic meanings or if they have their own external IDs.

Properties edit

All nouns are expected to have grammatical gender (P5185) with one or more of masculine (Q499327), feminine (Q1775415) and neuter (Q1775461), or have instance of (P31) plurale tantum (Q138246).

Nouns which only have singular forms are expected to have instance of (P31) singulare tantum (Q604984).

Nouns which only have plural forms are expected to have instance of (P31) plurale tantum (Q138246).

Declension classes edit

Nouns should eventually have paradigm class (P5911) (not all classes exist yet)

Current items:

Proper nouns edit

Forms edit

Forms for nouns are expected to have the following grammatical features:

There should be at least one form for each of the 8 combinations of these features, except when the noun is a singulare tantum (Q604984) or plurale tantum (Q138246), in which case the lexeme should only have the 4 combinations using singular (Q110786) or plural (Q146786) respectively.

Form used in compounds edit

In addition to the standalone forms above, the form which a noun takes before another noun in a compound, e.g. Informations (L40399-F9) in Informationsquelle (L252527), should be added with the grammatical feature combining form (Q107614077).

The linking morpheme (Q1472909) is included in the combining form (Q107614077) of the noun rather than separately when using combines lexemes (P5238), e.g. Informationsquelle (L252527) combines Information (L40399) + Quelle (L7119), not Information (L40399) + "s" + Quelle (L7119).

Nouns form compounds in various ways, but each individual noun typically always forms compounds in the same way, so this information can be used to form new compounds.

When a noun has more than one combining form, object form (P5548) can be used as a qualifier on the combines lexemes (P5238) statement to specify which form is used.

These forms sometimes appear separately when listing multiple things where the second half of the compound is the same, e.g. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik, "Erd- und Himbeere"

Verbs edit

Forms edit

Lexemes should have forms for:

Present, past, subjunctive I, subjunctive II and imperative forms are expected to have:

Links edit

Adjectives edit

Properties edit

Forms edit

For normal adjectives:

For each degree of comparison, there should be five attributive forms, ending in -e, -er, -en, -em and -es. Attributive forms should be entered as as separate forms even when they match one of the predicative forms (e.g. the -er attributive form and the comparative (Q14169499) predicative (Q1931259) form, the -e attributive form of adjectives already ending in -e).

Case/gender endings on attributive forms are completely regular. There are 18 total possible forms (3 predicative and 15 attributive). Rather than creating ~150 forms for each combination of case/gender, word stem (P5187) and/or the positive (Q3482678) predicative (Q1931259) form should be used to generate forms dynamically. With the exception of hoch (L227434), the attributive forms share the same stem as the predicative forms.

To do:

  • Adjectives which are only used attributively.
  • Adjectives where the stem changes.
  • Are there any other exceptions other than hoch (L227434)?
  • Info about how to generate forms dynamically. Should eventually have something in Wikifunctions too.

Adverbs edit

  • All adjectives can be used as adverbs. These should not normally be added as separate lexemes unless there is a good reason to, e.g. if they have new idiomatic meanings or if they have their own external IDs.

Prepositions edit

Properties edit

Pronouns edit

For pronouns, the lexical category is expected to be one of the following:

These are used instead of pronoun (Q36224) because they behave differently, grammatically. It also makes it easier to distinguish pairs like der (L411096) and der (L411097) in the search.

Properties edit

Suffixes edit

Noun suffixes edit

Suffixes which create nouns are expected to have similar properties and forms as nouns (see #Nouns), including:

External IDs edit

Duden edit

The dictionary at duden.de can be linked using:

DWDS edit

The dictionaries at dwds.de can be linked using:

Wörterbuchnetz edit

The dictionaries at woerterbuchnetz.de can be linked using:

grammis (Q106600001) edit

The dictionaries at grammis.ids-mannheim.de, can be linked using:

Other dictionaries edit

Dictionaries with no dedicated property edit

Other online dictionaries which don't (yet) have a dedicated property can be linked using described at URL (P973).

Some examples:

OWID (Q1231557) edit

wissen.de edit

  • Wahrig Fremdwörterlexikon A−Z [12]
  • Wahrig Synonymwörterbuch A−Z [13]
  • Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch A−Z [14]
  • Großes Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [15]
  • Gesundheitslexikon A−Z [16]
  • Vornamenlexikon A−Z [17]

Others edit

Use of novalue edit

Most German lexemes are expected to have an entry in the Duden or in the main DWDS dictionary. Those which don't should have Duden ID (P8376) or DWDS lemma ID (P9940) no value with a point in time (P585) qualifier with the current date.

Similar statements should be added for other properties if the dictionary only has an entry for a homograph of the lexeme.

Entity schemas edit

Wikifunctions edit

Links edit