Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Documentation/Languages/nl

language, modern language
Subclass of	Low Franconian
Native label	Nederlands, Hollands, Vlaams
Named after	theodisk, Low Countries
Replaces	Old Low Franconian, Middle Dutch
Has grammatical case	nominative case, accusative case, dative case
Has tense	present tense, past tense
Has grammatical mood	indicative, imperative, subjunctive
Has grammatical gender	common, neuter, masculine, feminine
Writing system	Latin script
Uses capitalization for	proper noun
Language regulatory body	Dutch Language Union
Ethnologue language status	1 National
History of topic	Q15844603
Practiced by	Dutch language specialist
Has conjugation class	Germanic strong conjugation, Germanic weak conjugation
Related category	Category:Dutch pronunciation
Entry in abbreviations table	нидерл.
Wikimedia language code	nl

Dutch (Q7411) (all lexemes)

Spelling

Lemmas and representations should be entered in the latest standard spelling as described by the Dutch Language Union (Q152299). This should be simply marked nl.

The single conjoined character "ĳ" (U+0133) should not be used. Only the two characters "ij" are to be used. The combined character's usage in Dutch computing environments is very rare; it exists in Unicode only as a compatibility character, and its use is discouraged.

Pronunciation

Dutch pronunciation may be entered in both phonemic (using / /) and phonetic form (using [ ]). The phonology of the two standard dialects, Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch, is more or less identical. Therefore, the phonemic transcription should indicate only the phonemes, not the dialectal or allophonic differences in pronunciation:

/ɛi̯s/ and /œy̯t/ rather than /ɛːs/ and /œːt/
/beːn/ and /boːm/ rather than /beɪn/ and /boʊm/
/voːr/, /neːr/, /døːr/ rather than /vʊːr/, /vɔːr/, /nɪːr/, /dœːr/, /dʏːr/ etc.
/x/ and /ɣ/ rather than /ç/, /ʝ/, /χ/ and so on. The voicing distinction between /x/ and /ɣ/ should always be maintained.

Vowel length should be included, as it is distinctive for some phonemes.

A highly standardized description of Dutch pronunciation is offered by Q64290453, also used in Van Dale (Q1482901) and Dutch Wiktionary (Q33108861). A short explanation can be found on Dutch Wiktionary (nl). When using this standard, it is useful to mention the source.

Gender

Gender in Dutch is described differently by different sources:

Some describe only two genders, common (Q1305037) and neuter (Q1775461).
Some describe three genders, masculine (Q499327), feminine (Q1775415) and neuter (Q1775461).
The official Dutch standard prescribes four: m (masculine only), v (feminine only), n (neuter only) and v/m (feminine or masculine).

The standard's prescription is artificial and arbitrary, it does not reflect any historical fact nor the usage of any particular variety of Dutch. Speakers have either 3 genders (mostly in Belgium) or 2 genders (in the north), and the distinction between the standard's v and v/m is not made: two-gender speakers will consider them both to be common gender, three-gender speakers will consider them both to be feminine.

Entries on Wikidata should follow the three-gender scheme, which gives more information than the two-gender scheme. Variations in gender can be indicated with qualifiers. Only use common (Q1305037) if you don't know for sure.

Adjectives and adverbs

Every adjective can function implicitly as an adverb without any change in form. Dutch dictionaries do not indicate these adverbs, because they are implicit and predictable. Only adverbs that are not also adjectives, or those whose meaning is not transparently predictable from the corresponding adjective, are included. Wikidata should follow this practice.

Reflexive verbs

Reflexive verbs are verbs used together with the reflexive pronoun. Following the practice of the Dutch and English Wiktionaries, these should not be given separate lexemes, but rather included as a sense on the base verb. This sense can be marked with a property (to be determined) to indicate that it is reflexive.

External identifiers

For Old Dutch (Q443089) and Middle Dutch (Q178806):

Links to other dictionaries which don't yet have a dedicated property can be added using described at URL (P973).

External links

Other online dictionaries/databases

Etymology:

Synonyms:

Ensie

Collocations:

Woordcombinaties

Dialects:

Wikidata Lexeme Forms

Dutch templates for the Wikidata Lexeme Forms tool:

Changes and new templates can be proposed on Wikidata:Wikidata Lexeme Forms/Dutch.

Wikifunctions

Functions on Wikifunctions for Dutch:

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