Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Documentation/Languages/pra

Prakrit

historical language, language group

Subclass of	Middle Indo-Aryan
Has grammatical gender	feminine, masculine, neuter
Entry in abbreviations table	Pk., پ

This page shall host information about the modeling of lexemes from Prakrit languages on Wikidata. Note that this page is subject to abrupt change as more information from various sources is accumulated.

Speakers of modern Indo-Aryan languages, much of whose vocabularies are descended from these languages, are encouraged to contribute to this page.

Word forms

Declensions

Prakrit retains the three genders of Sanskrit nominals: neuter, masculine, and feminine. The dual number is eliminated and only singular and plural forms occur. The cases of Sanskrit are retained, but the dative is marginalized and restricted to the singular when it does occur.

• -∅ (Q117358872)

Consonant-final stems are restricted to only a few items in Prakrit, such as अप्पण्/اپّݨْ/ਅੱਪਣ੍ (L1085289).

• ‎-a (Q117358746)

Most masculine and neuter nouns have stems with a final -a vowel.

• ‎-i/u (Q117358749)

Stems ending in -i in Prakrit are often related to those ending in -in in Sanskrit.

• -ā/ī/ū (Q117358756)

All Prakrit stems ending in a long vowel are feminine.

Resources

Textbooks and descriptions

• Andrew Ollett (2017). Language of the Snakes: Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-96881-3. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1w8h1vk. OL 29777124M. Wikidata Q60189025.
• Universal Values of Prakrit Texts (in Prakrit and English), 2011, Wikidata Q124331055CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Dictionaries

• हरगोविन्ददास त्रिकमचंद सेठ (1928), पाइअ सद्द महण्णवो (in Prakrit, Sanskrit, and Hindustani), Kolkata: Hargovind Das T. Seth, ASIN B0008C9EB6, OCLC 915127306, Wikidata Q115701057CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Mohanlal Mehta; K. Rishabh Chandra; Dalsukh Dahyabhai Malvania (1970), Prakrit Proper Names (in Prakrit and English), Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Institute of Indology, Wikidata Q124330904CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Articles and monographs

• Ashwini Deo (2012). "The imperfective-perfective contrast in Middle Indo-Aryan". Journal of South Asian Linguistics. 5. ISSN 1947-8232. Wikidata Q124330367.
• Ashwini Deo (2021). Copular contrasts in Indo-Aryan diachrony. Proceedings of the 31st Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. pp. 95–120. ISBN 978-3-96769-091-0. Wikidata Q124330742.
• L. A. Schwarzschild (1953). "Notes on the Future System in Middle Indo-Aryan". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 85 (1–2): 42–52. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00105878. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25222610. Wikidata Q124330290.
• L. A. Schwarzschild (1954). "The Possessive Adjectives of Late Prakrit". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 86 (3–4): 127–136. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00106653. ISSN 1356-1863. Wikidata Q118705232.
• L. A. Schwarzschild (1955). "Notes on the history of the infinitive in Middle Indo-Aryan". Indian Linguistics. 16: 29–34. ISSN 0378-0759. Wikidata Q124336668.
• L. A. Schwarzschild (1956). "Some Forms of the Absolutive in Middle Indo-Aryan". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 76 (2): 111. doi:10.2307/595078. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 595078. Wikidata Q124336788.
• L. A. Schwarzschild (1965). "A Study of Some Features of the Imperative in Middle Indo-Aryan". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 97 (2): 92–98. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00124189. ISSN 0035-869X. Wikidata Q124336814.
• Truman Michelson (1961). "The Locative Singular of Masculine and Neuter i and u Stems in Śaurasenī Prākrit". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 41: 461–462. doi:10.2307/593752. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 593752. Wikidata Q120550424.
• E. Trumpp (1862). "On the Declensional Features of the North Indian Vernaculars, compared with the Sanskrit, Pāli, and Prākrit". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 19: 361–406. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00156643. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25228727. Wikidata Q121952206.
• ਓਮ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਕਾਹੌਲ (1952), ਪ੍ਰਾਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (in Punjabi Gurmukhi), Wikidata Q116661112

Texts

• अंग अंगविज्जा
• अंग अंगचूलिआ
• अंत अंतगडदसाओ
• आचा Q124341387
• कस Das Kalpa-sutra
• गा Gaha Sattasai (Q5516899)
• लाज अभिधानराजेन्द्र

Psm. abbreviation	Citation	Time	Location	Wikisource
कप्प	Bhadrabahu (1879), Hermann Jacobi (ed.), The Kalpasûtra of Bhadrabâhu: edited with an Introduction, Notes and a Prakrit-Samskrit Glossary (in English and German), Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus AG, Wikidata Q121950213
विवे	विवेकमञ्जरी (in Sanskrit), Varanasi: Jaina Vividha Sāhitya Shastra Mala, 1918, OCLC 832291222, Wikidata Q122051260	12th c. CE
षड्	Lakṣmīdhara (1916), Kamlashankar Trivedi (ed.), The Shadbhashachandrika of Lakshmidhara: with a Critical Notice of Manuscripts, Introduction, Critical and Explanatory Notes with Appendices of the Sutras in order, Paradigms of Forms, &c., Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit Series (in Sanskrit) (1st ed.), Mumbai: Government Central Press, Bombay, OCLC 38514695, Wikidata Q122343245	16th c. CE
सुपा	Lakshmana Gani (1919), Hargovind Das T. Seth (ed.), सुपासनाहचरिअं (in Sanskrit), Varanasi: Jaina Vividha Sāhitya Shastra Mala, Wikidata Q121863233	12th c. CE	Composed in Dhandhuka (Q1259584) and Mandal (Q26783813)
सुर	Dhaneshvara Munishvara (1916), Muniraj Shree Raja Vijayjee‏ (ed.), सुरसुंदरीचरिअं (in Sanskrit), Varanasi: Jaina Vividha Sāhitya Shastra Mala, OCLC 1085614639, OL 24489397M, Wikidata Q121863308
हे	Hemachandra (1877), Richard Pischel (ed.), Hemacandra’s Grammatik der Prâkritsprachen (Siddhahemacandram Adhyâya VIII): mit kritischen und erläuternden Anmerkungen (in German), OCLC 61965239, Wikidata Q122170394	11th c. CE