Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Glossary
- Form: The grammatical realization of a lexeme. This includes inflections and declensions. For example, the English verb "run" becomes "running" as a present participle and "runs" in 3rd person singular. The role of each form is denoted by grammatical features. A form is a subentity. It includes an ID, a representation, an unordered (possibly empty) list of grammatical features and a list of form statements. Forms have IDs starting with the ID of the lexeme they belong to, followed by a hyphen ("-") and an "F", followed by a natural number in decimal notation: e.g. L123-F7. This prevents confusion of different forms in different lexemes.
- Form statement: A statement describing the form or its relations to other forms or items (e.g. IPA, pronunciation audio).
- Gloss: A natural-language definition of a sense (see gloss (Q1132324)). A gloss is a non-empty unordered set of pairs, each of which contains a string and gloss language. Both the whole pair and its string part may be called a Gloss (narrow sense). It provides definition in various languages. For example, a French word may have a gloss in French, in additional to a gloss in German.
- Gloss language or Language of Gloss is represented as a language code.
- Grammatical feature: A specification of the conditions or the syntactic roles in which the form is used. Grammatical features are represented as an unordered (possibly empty) set of items.
- Language: see gloss language and lexeme language.
- Language code: A code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers or classifiers for languages (see language identifier (Q2092812)). The valid language codes in lexicographical data are mostly a subset of valid (BCP 47) IETF language tag (Q1059900) and a superset of label languages. It may have an optional private-use subtag in format -x-Q######.
- Lemma: The canonical, dictionary, or citation form of a word (see lemma (Q18514)). For example, "run", "runs", "ran", and "running" are forms of the same lexeme, with "run" as the lemma. Lemmas are not simple strings, but a non-empty unordered set of strings with optional spelling variant pairs, and each of the pairs or the string parts thereof may also be called a Lemma (narrow sense). Therefore, a lemma can include words in multiple orthographies. For example, the Lemma for the English noun color would include "colour" for British English as well as "color" for American English.
- Lexeme: A lexical element of a language, such as a word, a phrase, or a prefix (see lexeme (Q111352)). It consists of a set of forms taken by a single word in one language, and words in any variant orthographies thereof. For example, the English nouns "color" and "colour" and their plural forms "colors" and "colours" are considered as one lexeme, while English noun "color" and verb "color" are two lexemes. Every lexeme is an entity and is stored in a page in the "Lexeme" namespace. A lexeme includes a prefixed id (like L123), a lemma, a lexeme language, a lexical category, a list of lexeme statements, a list of forms, and a list of senses.
- Lexeme language or Language of Lexeme: The language to which a lexeme belongs. Denoted by an item.
- Lexeme statement: A statement not specific to a Form or Sense (e.g. derived from grammatical gender or syntactic function)
- Lexical category: A classification of lexemes into categories which have similar grammatical properties (see part of speech (Q82042)), also known as part of speech in grammar. It is denoted by an item, e.g. noun (Q1084) and verb (Q24905).
- Representation: The text of a form. Like lemmas, representations are not simple strings, but a non-empty unordered set of string/spelling variant pairs, each of the pairs or string part thereof may also be called a Representation (narrow sense).
- Sense: A meaning of a lexeme which it may represent in a text. Any number of senses may be defined, although every lexeme should have at least one. A sense is a subentity. It includes an ID, a gloss and a list of sense statements. Senses have IDs starting with the ID of the lexeme they belong to, followed by a hyphen ("-") and an "S", followed by a natural number in decimal notation: e.g. L123-S4.
- Sense statement: A statement describing the sense and its relations to senses and items (e.g. translation, synonym, antonym, connotation).
- Spelling variant: The specific orthography of a lemma or representation, for example British English (en-gb) and American English (en-us) are different spelling variants. A spelling variant is represented as a language code.
- Subentity: A form or a sense. They are a special kind of an entity and may be used in statements, but they do not have their own pages. Instead, all the information of a subentity is stored in the page of the lexeme that a subentity belongs to. Each subentity functionally depends on a single lexeme.