Wikidata:WikiProject Mineralogy/Rocks, minerals and mineral varieties list

I Store norske leksikon (geology/ mineralogy, without meteorites, modified)

• Lexicon > science > geology > mineralogy
• Strong on Norwegian contributions to mineralogy
• Status (Aug. - Sept. 2014): c. 1100 items

• Done: A, B, c, D, E, F, g, h, I, J, k, L, m, N, O, Q, R, s, t, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Æ
• Pipeline: g (c. 4x 14), h (c. 4x 14), t (c. 4x 14), C/61, M/62
• Last: K/92 & S/109

Minerals, mainly

Abbreviations:

• (nn) mineral name is linked to Norway (type locality, mineralogist, etc.)
• (km) mineral listed in Kosmos-Mineralienführer
• Mineral series: root name group, solid solution series, name-(REE) homologous series, name-(Metal) homologous series
• REE: rare earth elements
• PGE: platinum group elements
• M: metal

Section #1: non white streak, mainly

Subsection #1.1: element class

• Metals and alloys: awaruite, telluric iron, broad sense (iron (native)) (telluric iron, strict sense; meteoric iron), mercury (native), kamacite (Ni-bearing meteoric iron var.)

• Copper structural group: tungsten (native), copper (native), gold (native), platinum (native), silver (native), electrum (Au-bearing silver var.), kongsbergite (Hg-bearing silver var.)

• Carbides, silicides, nitrides and phosphides: moissanite
• Semimetals and ametals: diamond, graphite, sulphur

Sulfide class

• Subsection #1.2: sulfides, stricter sense: acanthite, allargentum, argentite^H, bismuthinite, bornite, dyscrasite, jalpaite, löllingite, naumannite, nickeline, orpiment, realgar, stibnite, ullmannite, valleriite, willyamite, wurtzite

• Pyrite group: bravoite (pyrite var.), pyrite,
• Arsenopyrite group: arsenopyrite, danaite (arsenopyrite var.), glaucodot
• Chalcopyrite group: chalcopyrite-eskebornite solid solution series (copper ore)
• Galena group (rocksalt group, sulfides): oldhamite, galena, clausthalite
• Linnaeite group (sulfospinels & selenospinels): violarite, linnaeite, daubréelite
• Chalcocite-digenite group (mindat.org, copper ore): digenite, djurleite, chalcocite, roxbyite

• Digenite-berzelianite solid solution series

• Subsection #1.3: sulfosalts

• List: wittichenite, bournonite, boulangerite, jordanite, jamesonite, emplectite, enargite, freibergite
• Rotgültigerz (proustite - pyrargyrite solid solution, silver ore)
• Tennantite mineral group: tennantite - tetrahedrite solid solution
• Meneghinite structural group (includes 'aikinite - bismuthinite' sulfosalt group): aikinite

Oxide class (no olivines)

• Subsection #1.4: oxides, stricter sense

• List: anatase, zirconolite, yttrotantalite-(Y), baddeleyite, uraninite, bismite, wickmanite, bunsenite, uraninite, brøggerite (uraninite var.), cleveite (uraninite var.), brookite, bromellite, brannerite, valentinite, ramsdellite, zincite, davidite-(REE) series
• Corundum group: ruby (red corundum var.), corundum, hematite, 'oriental amethyst' (violet corundum var.), sapphire (coloured corundum var., but not red or violet), martite (hematite var., hematite pseudomorphs after magnetite)
• Spinels, oxide minerals: jacobsite, spinel, ulvöspinel, lodestone (magnetite var.), magnetite, hercynite, magnesiochromite, chromite

Chromite-hercynite series, chromite-spinel series, chromite-magnetite series, chromite-magnesiochromite series

• Rutile group, oxide minerals: rutile, ilmenorutile (rutile var.), strüverite (rutile var.), cassiterite, ixiolite, plattnerite, pyrolusite, stishovite
• Högbomite supergroup: taaffeite group, högbomite group, nigerite group
• Columbite structural group: columbite series, tantalite series, fersmite, euxenite-(Y) - polycrase-(Y) solid solution
• Pyrochlore supergroup: betafite group, microlite group, pyrochlore group, roméite group, koppite (pyrochlore var.)

• Subsection #1.5: arsenites, [5,6] vanadates, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates

• List: asbecasite, hübnerite - ferberite solid solution (wolframite^I)

"Silicate like", tetrahedral units ("Silikatenartige")

Section #2: "silicate like", non polymeric minerals

Subsection #2.1: structural groups

• Alunite supergroup: alunite, beudantite, woodhouseite, jarosite
• Apatite supergroup: svabite‎, apatite series, carbonate-rich hydroxylapatite (or dahllite, hydroxylapatite var.), britholite series, vanadinite, mimetite, melanocerite-(Ce) (possibly tritomite-(Ce)), caryocerite (possibly a thorian melanocerite-(Ce))
• Garnet supergroup: garnet group
• Olivine structural group: olivine mineral group, alexandrite (chrysoberyl var., chrysoberyl - mariinskite solid solution), chrysoberyl, olivine (fayalite - forsterite solid solution), lithiophilite - triphylite solid solution, tephroite, peridot (green gem-quality forsterite var.)
• Zircon structural group: zircon - thorite solid solution (alvite (zircon var.), jargoon (zircon var.), jacinth (or hyacinth, zircon var.), orangite (thorite var.), malacon (zircon var.), xenotime series, stetindite, coffinite

Subsection #2.2: nesosilicate and nesogermanates subclass, broad sense (Inselsilikate, no olivines and zircons)

• List: andalusite, willemite, braunite, boltwoodite, uranophane (uranophane-alpha and uranophane-beta), euclase, ellenbergerite, långbanite, dumortierite, phenakite, datolite, titanite, yttrian titanite
• Garnets: almandine, pyrope, andradite, uvarovite, topazolite (andradite var.), melanite (andradite var.), cape ruby (pyrope var.), demantoid (andradite var.)
• Humite group: humite, clinohumite, chondrodite, norbergite, hydroxylclinohumite, hydroxylchondrodite

Subsection #2.3: sulfates, chromates, molybdates, tungstates, niobates (no alunites)

• Sulfates, stricter sense: alabaster (gypsum var.), alunogen, anglesite, anhydrite, baryte, bassanite, boothite, boyleite, brochantite, celestine, devilline, epsomite, ettringite, fergusonite series, risörite (fergusonite var.), fibroferrite, langite, leightonite, linarite, rapidcreekite, rozenite, wroewolfeite, woodwardite
• Chromates, molybdates, tungstates, niobates: lindgrenite

• Scheelite group: powellite - scheelite solid solution, wulfenite, stolzite

Subsection #2.4: other phosphates, arsenates, vanadates (no olivines, apatites and zircons)

• Autunite mineral group: autunite
• Phosphates, stricter sense

• List: althausite, amblygonite, wagnerite, whitlockite, brazilianite, turquoise, vivianite, lazulite, raadeite, rhabdophane series

• Arsenates: adamite, yukonite, erythrite

• Pharmacosiderite structural group: pharmacosiderite

• Vanadates: descloizite

Section #3: "silicate like", polymeric minerals

Subsection #3.1: sorosilicate subclass (Gruppensilikate)

• List: axinite series, yttrialite-(Y), barylite, wöhlerite, vesuvianite, ilvaite, julgoldite series, mosandrite, rinkite, janhaugite, vesuvianite, cyprine (vesuvianite var.), lawsonite, låvenite
• Epidotes: allanite series, epidote rootname series, clinozoisite series, zoisite, thulite (zoisite var.), tanzanite (zoisite var.)
• Melilite structural group: gehlenite - åkermanite solid solution
• Rosenbuschite structural group: rosenbuschite, grenmarite, götzenite

Subsection #3.2: cyclosilicate subclass (Ringsilikate)

• List: bazzite, benitoite, eudialyte, dioptase
• Milarite structural group: armenite, osumilite, milarite
• Beryl structural group: aquamarine (beryl var.), emerald (beryl var.), beryl
• Tourmalines: dravite, elbaite, fluor-buergerite, fluor-liddicoatite, fluor-uvite, schorl, achroite (clear var.), verdelite (green var.), rubellite (red var.), indicolite (blue var.)

Subsection #3.3: inosilicate subclass, single chain inosilicates (Kettensilikate)

• List: babingtonite, leucophanite, lorenzenite, rhodonite
• Pyroxene-wollastonite grouping

Orthopyroxene subgroup: enstatite - ferrosilite solid solution (bronzite (enstatite var.), hypersthene (enstatite var.))

Clinopyroxenes, P2₁/c space group: pigeonite

Clinopyroxenes, C2/c space group, Ca-Fe-Mg (diopside-hedenbergite-augite) quadrilateral: diopside-johannsenite series, hedenbergite-johannsenite series, diopside-hedenbergite series, diopside, diallage^I (diopside var., diopside-hedenbergite-augite solid-solution member of the pyroxene group) specifically showing prominent {001} cleavage), augite, johannsenite, kokkolith (diopside var.)

Clinopyroxenes, others: acmite (aegirine var.), aegerine, jadeite (jade), chloromelanite (jadeite var.), spodumene, kunzite (spodumene var.), hiddenite (spodumene var.), aegirine-augite (Ae80Wo20 to Ae20Wo80), omphacite^I

Wollastonite group: wollastonite, bustamite, sérandite

• Sapphirine supergroup: aenigmatite, sapphirine

Subsection #3.4: inosilicate subclass, multiple chain inosilicates (Bandsilikate)

• List: bavenite, narsarsukite
• Amphiboles: anthophyllite (asbestiform), actinolite^I (asbestiform, mountain leather, tremolite - ferro-actinolite solid solution), amosite (grunerite var., asbestiform), grunerite, crocidolite (riebeckite var., asbestiform), tremolite (mountain leather, asbestiform), richterite (asbestiform), winchite (asbestiform), nybøite, nephrite (jade, ferro-actinolite - tremolite var.), hornblende (ferro-hornblende and magnesio-hornblende)

Subsection #3.5: inosilicate subclass, other inosilicates

• List: eudidymite, elpidite, epididymite, meliphanite
• Astrophyllite group: astrophyllite - (kupletskite series) solid solution

Subsection #3.6: phyllosilicate subclass (Schichtsilikate)

• Phyllosilicate, strict sense: allophane, antigorite, apophyllites, palygorskite (mountain leather), sepiolite (mountain leather), meerschaum (sepiolite var., carving stone), okenite, ellingsenite (IMA 2009-041), eirikite (IMA 2007-017), leifite, dalyite

• Kaolinite structural subgroup: kaolinite, nacrite ("kaolinite var."), dickite ("kaolinite var."), halloysite pair
• Serpentine structural subgroup: chrysotile (mountain leather, asbestiform), amesite, berthierine
• Smectite-vermiculite structural group: beidellite, saponite (mountain leather), montmorillonite, vermiculite
• Talc group: talc
• Garnierite group: garnierite (mixture of various Ni- and Ni-bearing magnesium layer silicates)

• Micas: muscovite, fuchsite (muscovite var.), paragonite, phlogopite, sericite (muscovite var., mainly; paragonite var., rarely)

• Lepidolite solid solution series (polylithionite - trilithionite)
• Zinnwaldite series (polylithionite - siderophyllite)
• Glauconite series: dioctahedral interlayer-deficient micas
• Biotite grouping (lepidomelane, dark micas): includes (annite - phlogopite, tetraferriannite, siderophyllite, mainly)

• Chlorites:

Subsection #3.7: framework silicates (Gerüstsilikate)

• Quartz family (oxide minerals): tridymite, lechatelierite, fulgurite (lechatelierite var.), opal (mineraloid), hydrophane (opal var.), geyserite (opal var.), coesite, cristobalite

Quartz: quartz, amethyst (violet quartz var.), citrine (yellow quartz var.), aventurine (quartz var.), smoky quartz (quartz var.), ferruginous quartz (hematite quartz and quartz with limonite), chalcedony (quartz var., with mogánite)

• Chalcedony and mogánite, aggregates of parallely grown ("fibrous") quartz crystals of microscopic and sub-microscopic size (mogánite, usually between 1% and 20%): mogánite, agate (chalcedony var.), moss agate (chalcedony var.), jasper (chalcedony var.), onyx (agate var.), carnelian (chalcedony var.), sard (chalcedony var.), sardonyx (agate var.), lydian stone (jasper var.), heliotrope (or bloodstone, chalcedony var.), chrysoprase (apple-green chalcedony var.)
• Falcon's eye/ Falkenauge (quartz with crocidolite) > silicification > tigers eye/ Tigerauge
• Rose quartz, broad sense (quartz var.):

• Rose quartz, strict sense (massig habit, translucent character due to microscopic fibrous inclusions of a pink borosilicate mineral related to dumortierite (Applin and Hicks, 1987; Goreva et al, 2001), which group leader Rossman names "dididumortierite" (Nadin, 2007)), the color is stable up to temperatures above 500°C and is also stable in ultraviolet light.
• Pink quartz (crystal habit, color is apparently caused by irradiation induced color centers based on Al and P, that replace Si in the atom lattice (Maschmeyer and Lehmann, 1983), the color is both very light- and heat sensitive).

• Tectosilicates (aluminosilicates): lisetite

• Feldspar, alkali feldspar (orthoclase - albite series): adularia (orthoclase var.), albite, orthoclase, amazonite (microcline var.), microcline ("orthoclase var."), sanidine^I, anorthoclase (albite var.), cleavelandite (albite var.)

• Moonstone (mainly microcline var. or adularia var., some could be a orthoclase var.). Frequently improperly applied to peristerite (a albite var.).

• Feldspar, plagioclase feldspar (albite - anorthite series): bytownite (anorthite var.), anorthite, labradorite (anorthite var.), andesine (albite var.), oligoclase (albite var.), sunstone (oligoclase var.)
• Feldspar, celsian - orthoclase solid solution (hyalophane^I)
• Feldspar, others: danburite
• Scapolite group: marialite-meionite series (syn. scapolite), wernerite^I (scapolite var.), silvialite

Feldspathoids (no zeolites): nepheline

• Cancrinite-sodalite structural group: nosean, lazurite, tugtupite, haüyne, sodalite, cancrinite

Subsection #3.8: zeolite frameworks, broad sense (Zeolithgruppe)

• List: alflarsenite, analcime, brewsterite series, natrolite, laumontite, leucite, heulandite series

Subsection #3.9: others

• Other polymeric minerals (polyvanadates, polymolybdates, polyniobates and so on)
• Transitional polymeric silicates

• 
• 

Section #4: carbonates and evaporites, mainly

Subsection #4.1: carbonates

• List: ancylite series, aurichalcite, azurite, bastnäsite series, bismutite, witherite, brianyoungite, joliotite, leadhillite, liebigite, rutherfordine, dypingite

• Simpler carbonates (1.A): siderite, ankerite, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, nyerereite, rhodochrosite, Iceland spar (calcite var.)
• Simpler carbonate hydrates (1.C): nesquehonite, lansfordite, lanthanite series, lokkaite-(Y)

Subsection #4.2: nitrates

• Malachite structural group: rosasite, malachite

Subsection #4.3: borates

• List: berborite, boracite, nordenskiöldine, ulexite

Subsection #4.4: halides

• Simpler halides (3.A): fluorite, bismoclite, neighborite, fluocerite series, fluorite, sellaite, antozonite (fluorite var.)

• Rocksalt group, halides: halite, villiaumite, sylvite

• Complex halides (3.B & 3.C): atacamite, bøggildite

• Hydrated calcium chloride (hydrophilite^D): antarcticite and sinjarite

• Complexer halides (3.D): abhurite

• Aluminofluorides: ralstonite, cryolite

Subsection #4.5: hydroxides (4.F & 4.G); oxides, broad sense

• List: asbolane, becquerelite, behoite, birnessite, vandendriesscheite, lithiophorite, spertiniite, fourmarierite
• M(OH)_x group: monoclinic (gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)₃; bayerite, β-Al(OH)₃); triclinic Al(OH)₃ (doyleite; nordstrandite); brucite, Mg(OH)₂; portlandite, Ca(OH)₂;
• Diaspore group: diaspore, α-AlO(OH); böhmite, γ-AlO(OH); groutite, Mn³⁺O(OH); goethite, FeO(OH);

Subsection #4.6: hydrotalcite structural group

Section #5: organic compounds and others

Organic minerals: ozokerite, mellite

Organic non-minerals

• Amber (at least 100,000 years old polymerised resin of Pinus succinifera; var. sucsinite and var. retinitis), carbonado
• Fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas, anthracite (coal var.), coal, lignite, peat, oil shale, kerogen, bitumen, pyrobitumen, asphalt, thucholite (pyrobitumen var.; mixture of hydrocarbons, uraninite and some sulphides)

Inorganic non-minerals

• Mossite (mixture of Ta-bearing ferrocolumbite and tapiolite), chrysolite (disamb., green to yellow-green: peridote, chrysoberyl, tourmaline, corundum), saussurite (plagioclase that has been pseudomorphously altered to zoisite, scapolite, albite, epidote and other minerals), emery (corundum and hematite, mainly)

Other supergroups

Other minerals

Mineral varieties: (G, done), (H, done), (T, done), (C, done), (M, done), (K, done), (S, done)

Facies

Facies (magmatic facies, metamorphic facies, sediments)

Metamorphic facies

Metamorphe Fazies: Zeolith-Fazies, Prehnit-Pumpellyit-Fazies, Grünschiefer-Fazies, Amphibolit-Fazies, Granulit-Fazies, Blauschiefer-Fazies, Eklogit-Fazies, Albit-Epidot-Hornfels-Fazies, Hornblende-Hornfels-Fazies, Pyroxen-Hornfels-Fazies, Sanidinit-Fazies

Sediments

Neritische Fazies; Tiefseefazies; Fluviatile Fazies; Ostrakoden-Fazies

Rocks

Ref.:

• Deko Gesteine: Rupert Hochleitner (2009) Der neue Kosmos-Mineralienführer, ISBN: 978-3-440-11803-0
• en:template:Igneous rocks

Secondary mineralization

• Degradation of (alteration) muscovite: illite > montmorillonite.
• Weathering of volcanic ash (tuff) with volcanic glass (bentonite): montmorillonite and secondary minerals of montmorillonite (beidellite, nontronite, hectorite and saponite).
• Weathering of volcanic ash (tuff): amorphous allophane, nanotube-like imogolite, halloysite and gibbsite.

• Allophane can alter to form halloysite under resilicating aqueous conditions and can alter to form gibbsite under desilicating conditions.

• Degradation of (alteration) paragonite: brammallite.
• Degradation of (alteration) uraninite ("uranium mica"/ Uranglimmer): autunite, uranocircite, torbernite und zeunerite, mainly.
• Degradation of thorite: thorogummite.

"Ores and rocks of comercial importance", broader sense: bauxite, wad, limonite

• Limonite (Brauneisenstein): mineral mixture (FeOOH), goethite, lepidocrocite
• Braunstein (mineral grouping): eine Sammelbezeichnung für verschiedene natürlich vorkommende Minerale oder künstlich hergestellte Manganoxide
• Fahlore/ Fahlerz: tennantite - tetrahedrite series and freibergite

"Ornamental stones/ carving stones", broader sense: lithographic limestone, steatite (soapstone)/ Speckstein, jade, flint, marble, verde antico/ Serpentinmarmor

• Mountain leather, mountain paper, mountain wood, mountain paper, or mountain cork/ (Bergkork): actinolite, chrysotile, palygorskite, saponite, sepiolite (meerschaum, sepiolite var.), tremolite or zeolite
• "Marmi colorati antichi"

Felsic (Felsit): feldspar and silicate, mafic: magnesium and ferrum (iron), old terminology (femisch: Fe and Mg; salisch)

Rock (geology), petrography, petrology

• Facies are the smallest unit in geology/ petrology, a rock can appear in many facies and a mineral can appear in many rocks.

Classification

1. Igneous rocks (olivine-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene diagram, QAPF diagram)
   1. Magmatische Gesteine, Magmatite, plutonic rocks/ Plutonite
      1. Diagrams: quartzolite; granite/ Granit (felsic); granodiorite/ Granodiorit (intermediate-felsic); tonalite/ Tonalit; syenite/ Syenit; monzonite/ Monzonit; gabbro/ Gabbro (mafic); diorite/ Diorit (intermediate); anorthosite/ Anorthosit; foidolite/ Foidolit; kimberlite/ Kimberlit, lamproite/ Lamproit, peridotite/ Peridotit (dunite, wehrlite, harzburgite, lherzolite), pyroxenite (clinopyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, websterite) (ultramafic)
      2. Others: foyaite; lardalite; larvikite (foid-syenite var., max. 30% alkalifeldspat), malignite (foid-syenite var., 30–60% alkalifeldspat), shonkinite (60–90%); foidolite var. (urtite, ijolite, melteigite); nepheline-syenite (foid-syenite var.); Drammen-Granit (drammen granite, Oslo Graben)
   2. Magmatische Gesteine, Magmatite, subvolcanic rocks/ Subvulkanite: picrite basalt/ Pikrit (picrobasalt, ultramafic); diabase/ Diabas (dolerite or microgabbro, mafic); aplite (felsic, very fine-grained) — pegmatite (felsic, phaneritic); kimberlite/ Kimberlit, lamproite/ Lamproit (ultramafic); Särna-Tinguait
   3. Volcanic rocks/ Vulkanite
      1. Diagrams: ultramafitite/ Ultramafitit (boninite/ Boninit, ‎picrite basalt/ Pikrit, komatiite/ Komatiit), andesite/ Andesit (intermediate), basalt/ Basalt (mafic), dacite (intermediate-felsic), latite/ Latit, phonolite/ Phonolith, rhyolite/ Rhyolith (felsic), tephrite/ Tephrit, trachyte/ Trachyt, foidite (or feldspathoid, mineral group)/ Foidit, quartz/ Quarz (mineral)
      2. Others: pumice/ Bimstein, ignimbrite/ Ignimbrit, tuff/ Tuffstein, pitchstone/ Pechstein, liparite (rhyolite var.), lava (block lava flow, pāhoehoe lava flow, ʻAʻā lava flow), phonolite, foidite var. (leucitite, nephelinite, sodalitite, jumillite)
   4. Unclassified: lamprophyre/ Lamprophyr, norite/ Norit, obsidian/ Obsidian, nordmarkite (syenite var.), volcanic glass, essexite (nephelin-monzogabbro var. or nephelin-monzodiorite var.), rhombenporphyr (porphyr var.); quartz-diorite (diorite var./ QAPF field 10); trysil porphyr/ dala porphyr (Hedmark, Norway to Dalarna, Schweden);
2. Metamorphic rocks
   1. Hoch P/T metamorphe Gesteine
      1. Ultra high pressure rocks (UHP-rocks)/ Ultrahochdruckmetamorphe Gesteine
      2. Eklogit-, Glaukophan-, Blauschiefer-, Weißschiefer-Fazies
   2. Niedrigradige bis sehr niedriggradige metamorphe Gesteine
      1. Schiefer, Phyllite, Spilite, Grünschiefer, Grünstein (grüner Granofels)
      2. List:
         1. Slate > phyllite > 'mica schist'
         2. Saussurite (saussuritization): basic plagioclase > epidote + Na-plagioclase; with calcite, micas and light amphiboles after epidote.
         3. Sericite (sericitization): fine-grained white, pale green to oily greenish mica, mainly muscovite (rarely paragonite). Illite group, but it does not expand on hydration.
   3. Migmatite/ Migmatite
   4. Calc-silicate rock/ Metacarbonate und verwandte Gesteine
      1. Marble/ Marmor: dolomite marble/ Dolomitmarmor
   5. Amphibolite and granulite/ Amphibolite und Granulite
   6. Metasomatic rocks/ Metasomatische Gesteine
      1. Fenite/ Fenit
   7. Kontaktmetamorphe Gesteine (contact (thermal) metamorphism)
   8. Impactite/ Impaktite (shock metamorphism): suevite, maskelynite (glass after plagioclase)
      1. Tektites: australite, moldavite
3. Sedimentary rock families
   1. Psephitic/ Familie der Psephite oder grobklastische Gesteine: Brocken, Kies, Schutt, Geröll, Geschiebe, Schotter, Windkanter, Brekzie, Tektonische Brekzie, Tillit, Fanglomerat, Konglomerat, fanglomerate
   2. Psammitic/ Familie der Psammite: Sand, Sandstein, Glaukonitsandstein, Arkose, Grauwacke, Arenit, Sedimentärquarzit, Seife, Kalksandstein
   3. Silt/ Schluff
   4. Pelitic/ Familie der Pelite: Ton (Fett- und Magerton, Bentonit, Letten, Lutit (Tonstein)), Lehm- und Lehmgestein (Geschiebelehm), Mergel- und Mergelstein, Löß, Kaolin, Schieferton (Sedimentärer Tonschiefer (Echter Tonschiefer ist ein Metamorphit), Ölschiefer, Kupferschiefer)

Descriptive size terms, old terminology

Texture	Common	Greek	Latin
Coarse	gravel(ly)	psephite (psephitic)	rudite (rudaceous, greater than 2 mm))
Medium	sand(y)	psammite (psammitic)	arenite (arenaceous, between 0,063 und 2 mm)
Fine	clay(ey)	pelite (pelitic)	lutite (lutaceous, smaller than 0,063 mm)

Igneous rocks (Magmatite und Vulkanite)

Igneous rocks: [1]

• Fumarole, Solfatare,
• aplite/ Aplit: leukokrate Ganggesteine, sehr niedrigen Gehalt an Mafiten (unter 5 Prozent)

Plutons: stock (geology), batholith, laccolith

Basalts I: Tholeiitbasalt, Alkalibasalt und Alkaliolivinbasalt, Olivinbasalt, Feldspatbasalt

Basalts II: MORB (mid ocean ridge basalt), CMB (continental margin basalt), IAB (island arc basalt), OIB (ocean island basalt)

Granites: I-Type-Granite (igneous source), S-Type-Granite (sedimentary source), A-Type-Granite (anorogenic source), M-Type-Granite (mantle source), C-Type-Granite (charnockitic source, metamorphic rock)

Basic igneous rocks (45 bis 52 %), intermediäres Gestein (52 bis 63 %), saures Gestein (mehr als 63 %)

Plutonite (Tiefengesteine), Subvulkanite (Ganggesteine), Vulkanite (Ergussgesteine)

• Plutonite, auch Intrusiva, Intrusivgesteine oder Tiefengesteine
• Ganggesteine (in besonderen Fällen auch Subvulkanite genannt)
• Vulkanite (auch vulkanisches Gestein, Ergussgesteine, Eruptivgesteine, Effusivgesteine oder Extrusivgesteine)

Metamorphic rocks (Umwandlungsgesteine, Metamorphite)

Eclogite/ Eklogit, silicate marble/ Silikatmarmor, serpentinite/ Serpentinit, leptite/ Leptit (gneiss var.)

Eclogite: red garnet (almandine-pyrope solid solution series), grass green pyroxene (omphacite), with hornblende and coesite and no plagioclase. Kyanite, rutile, biotite, epidote, titanite and pyrite. Density: 3.5 g/cm³; chemically it is a basalt, but a metamorphic rock.

Gneiss: orthogneiss designates a gneiss derived from an igneous rock, and paragneiss is one from a sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks (Ablagerungsgesteine, Sedimente)

Grain size determines the basic name of a clastic sedimentary rock. Grain size varies from clay in shales and claystones; through silt in siltstones; sand in sandstones; and gravel, cobble, to boulder sized fragments in conglomerates and breccias.

Geowissenschaften: (fissile) unverfestigte klastische sedimentation/ Sedimentation/Sedimente (Feinböden) und sedimentary rock/ Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine

Sedimentary rocks: [2]

Sediments & soils, fissile clastic sedimentary rocks

Unverfestigte klastische lose Gesteine/ Sedimente (Feinböden):

• Pebble/ Kies (superseeded DIN 4022, Grobkies (20,0 bis 63,0 mm), Mittelkies (6,3 bis 20,0 mm), Feinkies (2,0 bis 6,3 mm))
• Loam/ Lehm ist eine Mischung aus:

• Sand/ Sand (superseeded DIN 4022, Grobsand (0,63 bis 2 mm), Mittelsand (0,2 bis 0,63 mm), Feinsand (0,063 bis 0,2 mm)),
• Silt/ Schluff (superseeded DIN 4022, Grobschluff (0,02 bis 0,063 mm), Mittelschluff (0,0063 bis 0,02 mm), Feinschluff (0,002 bis 0,0063 mm)) und
• Clay/ Ton (Bodenart): Korngröße < 2 µm

Non-fissile clastic sedimentary rocks

Verfestigte klastische Festgesteine:

• Conglomerate/ Konglomerat (Gestein) oder breccia/ Brekzie oder Breccie bei Korngrößen größer als 2 mm. Konglomerate bestehen aus abgerundeten, Brekzien aus kantigen Gesteinstrümmern. Nagelfluh (Voralpen, an european variety of conglomerate).
• Sandstone/ Sandstein besteht überwiegend aus Quarzkörnern der Korngröße 0,063 bis 2 mm. Greywacke/ Grauwacke, a variety of sandstone. Arkose/ Arkose, a variety of sandstone.
• Siltstone/ Schluffstein (oder Siltstein) besteht überwiegend aus Quarzkörnern, die zwischen 0,002 und 0,063 mm groß sind.
• Claystone/ Tonstein enthält überwiegend Partikel, die kleiner als 0,002 mm (2 µm) sind. Bentonite

• The term "mudrock" allows for further subdivisions of claystone, mudstone, siltstone, and shale

Kieselgesteine

• Diatomit: tripolite var., bann clay var., moler (mo-clay) var.

• Kieselgur, Tripel (engelsk jord var.)

• Radiolarit
• Hornstein

• Feuerstein (flint, silex)

• Kieselsinter: Geyserit
• Kieselschiefer: Lydit

• Copper slate (Kupferkies, Perm): 3,2% copper, 2,1% zinc, 0,02% silver und 0,014% molybden
• Limestone/ Kalkstein (Ammonitenkalk, Korallenkalk, Schneckenkalk, Plattenkalk oder Plattendolomit), chalk/ Kreide, marl/ Mergel, dolostone/ Dolomit (Gestein), alum shale/ Alaunschiefer, biolith/ Biolith (Kaustobiolithe, Akaustobiolithe), onyx marble/ Onyx Marmor (limestone var.), phosphorite, faxe kalk (limestone var.)
• Placer deposit/ Mineralseifen, gypsum rock/ Gips Gestein, evaporite
• Coals: bog peat/ Moor Torf, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/ Braunkohle, bituminous coal/ Steinkohle, anthracite/ Anthrazit

Residual rock/ Rückstandsgestein: kaolin, bentonite, bauxite, laterite, saprolite

• Temperate zones, Moränen: illite (K poor micas)
• Tropical zones: kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite
• Weathered volcanic ash (bentonite) > montmorillonite and secondary minerals of montmorillonite (beidellite, nontronite, hectorite and saponite)
• Tropical zones with wet season, bauxite: allitischen Verwitterung entstehendes Endprodukt (Tonerdehydrat; gibbsite, böhmite und diaspore sowie nichtkristallinen Al-haltigen Gelen)
• Laterit ist eine Fe-reiche, Bauxit eine Al-reiche Verwitterungsform verschiedener Gesteine (bei Laterit i.d.R. basische magmatische Gesteine, bei Bauxit meist granitische Gesteine)
• Igneous rock (weathering) > saprolite > clay minerals
• Bentonite: clays, deren Eigenschaften überwiegend von quellfähigen Dreischichtsilikaten der Smektit-Gruppe bestimmt werden.

Stratigraphic units

Stratigraphic units: Muschelkalk; Sparagmite, arkosic sandstone, greywacke and comglomerate set of beds; Hedmark group/ Biskopas conglomerate formation; Brøttumsparagmitt, black sandstone with feldspar, lowest layer of the Hedmark group; bryozokalkstein, part of the Danian (oldest part of the Tertiary, first age of the Paleocene Epoch); black dictyonema shale (Alum Shale Formation);

Quartz varieties

"mindat.org" version:

"mineralienatlas.de" version:

People

People: Waldemar Christofer Brøgger, Ove Balthasar Bøggild, Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt, Auguste Bravais, Norman Levi Bowen, Karl Gustav Bischof, Friedrich Johann Karl Becke, Wilhelm Hermann Abich, Peter Ascanius, Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, Alfred Des Cloizeaux, James Dwight Dana, Edward Salisbury Dana, Morten Thrane Esmark, Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, Johan Gottlieb Gahn, Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, René Just Haüy, Wolfgang Franz von Kobell, Friedrich Mohs, Ivar Werner Oftedal, Paul Ramdohr, Karl Hugo Strunz, Karl Johan August Theodor Scheerer, Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg, Ernest Henry Nickel, Michael Fleischer, Monte Carl Nichols

Others

Adjectives:

• List: aphanite, or aphanitic; phaneritic; euhedral, subhedral and anhedral (Q492700); xenomorph (geology); alluvium; authigenic; metamictization (metamic); fluidal structur; dendritic crystal growth; Schieferung; diaftorese, regressive or retrograde metamorphose; normal or progressive metamorphose; metastability, Diaplektisches Glas; dichroism (special form of pleochroism)

Substantives:

• List: pagodite, peperino, asterism (mineralogy), fracture (geology), fracture (mineralogy), cleavage, index minerals, inclusion, Optic axis of a crystal, Optical axis, Ausblühung (auch Effloreszenz), Exhalationbeschlag, stratum, Levinson-nomenklatur, rare earth elements (REE), platin group elements (PGE), radioactive minerals (primary radioctive minerals (uraninite, mainly); secondary uranium minerals; natural K contains 0.01% ⁴⁰K and is not considered radioactive), 'rhombic dodecahedron', pseudomorph (special case paramorph), phenocryst, fission track dating, petrifaction (silicification and pyritization)/ Versteinerung; festem Boden, Gegenteil: Sumpf; phantom Kristall; granodiorite/ QAPF field 4, monzodiorite/ QAPF field 9; Coltan; diamond cutting; dichroscope; birefringence; Dolomitisierung (Wettersteinkalk und Hauptdolomit); druse (geology) (filled geode)

Schiller, special cases:

Opalescence: a milky or somewhat pearly appearance or luster of a mineral, such as that shown by opal and moonstone.

Iridescence: the exhibition of interference colors from the surface or interior of a mineral, caused by light interference from thin films or layers of different refractive index, e.g. labradorite.

Labradorisering

Sunstone or aventurine feldspar (oligoclase var., mainly), bronzite (enstatite var.)

Edelsteine, Schmucksteine (oder Halbedelsteine)

Petrographic microscope: optisch isotrope Materialien und optisch anisotrope Materialien (Auslöschungsregeln)

Disamb: lydian stone (basanite, jasper var.), bassanite (mineral), basanite (basaltic rock)

"Uralite"/ Uralit: pyroxenes (augite, diopside, mainly) pseudomorphs after amphiboles (actinolite, hornblende, mainly)

Nuggets (probably: cold welding, alluvial placer deposits): gold nugget and platin nugget

Pigments:

• Eisenocker: terra di Siena ("Siena earth", burnt sienna); terra di ombra, ("earth of Umbria", burnt umber)
• Ochres: Eisenocker (Rotem Ocker, Braun Ocker (limonite)), Antimon ocker (gelb), Blei Ocker (gelb-rot), Mangan Ocker (braun), Molybdän Ocker (gelb, degradation of molybdenite or ferrimolybdenite), Bismuth Ocker (gelb), Wolfram Ocker (gelb)

Gemology, cut (gems)/ Schliff (Schmuckstein):

• Faceted: brilliant cut/ Brillantschliff, emerald cut/ Smaragdschliff, Rosenschliff (Rosette), Ovalschliff, Pendeloque, Treppenschliff, Scherenschliff
• Non faceted: cabochon

Gemology: natural minerals, synthetic minerals, imitates

Category:Named diamonds: Stormogulen (Great Mogul Diamond), Kohinoor-diamanten (Koh-i-Noor), Cullinan Diamant, Hope-diamanten, Orlov-diamanten, Sydstjernen (Star of the South)

Diamond simulant, diamond imitation or imitation diamond: high-leaded glass (i.e., rhinestones), cubic zirconia and moissanite

Asbestos, broader sense (asbestiform minerals): fibrous richterite, fibrous winchite

• Asbestos, stricter sense: chrysotile, amosite (grunerite var.), crocidolite (riebeckite var.), tremolite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos

Pegmatite: metamorphic origin, magmatic origin, metasomatic origin

Apophyse (Geologie): Verzweigung (Pluton oder Eruptivgang)

Assimilation (Vulkanismus): die Interaktion von Nebengestein in einer magmatischen Schmelze mit dem umgebenden Gestein

Enstatite is the pure or nearly pure, endmember (< 12% FeSiO₃) of the series and the rare ferrosilite the iron endmember. I would say that most samples are say 25 - 50% FeSiO₃ and hypersthene seems a reliable term to describe these and backed by historical usage. Additionally bronzite is used by many sources for the 12 - 25% FeSiO₃ range (English Wikipedia, User:Vsmith)

Breccia: sedimentäre Brekzien, vulkanische Brekzien, diagenetische Brekzien, tektonische Brekzien, Impaktbrekzien

IMA status

IMA status

"ARD list": approved mineral (A), revalidated mineral (R), discredited mineral (D)

"GQN list": grandfathered mineral (G), questionable mineral (Q), mineral species published without CNMNC's (IMA) approval (N)

Hypothetical mineral (H)

• Synthetic; anthropogenic; possible series member but no type material available, yet

Intermediate member of a solid solution series (I), mineral variety:

• Most species are not an CNMNC's (IMA) approved mineral anymore

Redefined mineral (Rd); renamed mineral (Rn)

• Mineral status and/or rank (S): grandfathered (G); questionable (Q); published without approval (N); approved, valid (A); revalidated (R); discredited mineral, invalid name and others (D); discredited mineral (polytype) (P); discredited mineral (non mineral) (nm); renamed (Rn); redefined (Rd); hypothetical, synthetic, anthropogenic mineral (H); mineral variety (var. or V); mineral variety, intermediate member of a solid solution series (I)

Normative mineralogy

Normative mineralogy

QAPF diagram, TAS classification, CIPW Norm, Barth-Niggli Norm

• Cross W., Iddings J.P., Pirsson L.V. & Washington H.S. (1902): A quantitative chemico-mineralogical classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks. Journal of Geology 10, 555-690.
• Barth, T.F.W., 1959. Principles of classification and norm calculations of metamorphic rocks. Journal of Geology, 67:135-152.
• Niggli, P., 1931. Die quantitative mineralogische klassifikation der eruptivgesteine. Schweiz. Miner. Petrograph. Mitt., 11:296-364.

QAPF diagram after Albert Streckeisen (1901–1998)

• Streckeisen, A. (1978) IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks: Classification and Nomenclature of Volcanic Rocks, Lamprophyres, Carbonatites and Melilite Rocks. N. Jhb. f. Min.; Stuttgart; Abhandlungen; Vol. 143, 1-14
• Simplified version after: Wernick, E. (2003) Rochas Magmáticas. Ed. Unesp, p. 338

TAS diagram (TAS= Total Alkali vs. Silica) after Mike le Bas: based on chemistry, grains too fine for identification (volcanic rocks)

IUGS Classification diagram for intrusive ultramafic rocks: ternary/ triangle diagram of peridotites (olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene)

Igneous rocks

• 
  QAPF diagram, simplified: igneous rocks (pt)

Vulcanites

• 
  TAS diagram: vulcanites
• 
  Eg: phonolite is a fine-grained equivalent of nepheline syenite
• 
  QAPF diagram: vulcanites (ge)

Plutonites

• 
  IUGS Classification diagram for intrusive ultramafic rocks
• 
  QAPF diagram: plutonites (fr)
• 
  QAPF diagram: plutonites (en)