(Q24608522)

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Elevated Norepinephrine may be a Unifying Etiological Factor in the Abuse of a Broad Range of Substances: Alcohol, Nicotine, Marijuana, Heroin, Cocaine, and Caffeine

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Elevated Norepinephrine may be a Unifying Etiological Factor in the Abuse of a Broad Range of Substances: Alcohol, Nicotine, Marijuana, Heroin, Cocaine, and Caffeine (English)

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Paul J Fitzgerald

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publication date

2013

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Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

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7

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171-83

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Norepinephrine and stimulant addiction

1 reference

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7 April 2017

Effects of alcohol dependence and withdrawal on stress responsiveness and alcohol consumption

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7 April 2017

Cannabinoid and opioid interactions: implications for opiate dependence and withdrawal

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7 April 2017

Tobacco addiction and the dysregulation of brain stress systems

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7 April 2017

Clonidine improved laboratory-measured decision-making performance in abstinent heroin addicts

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7 April 2017

Ethanol-associated behaviors of mice lacking norepinephrine

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7 April 2017

Caffeine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, but not butyrylcholinesterase

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27 September 2017

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and α 2 adrenergic receptors mediate heroin withdrawal-potentiated startle in rats

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27 September 2017

The selective dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat attenuates multiple aspects of cocaine-seeking behavior

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27 September 2017

Stress system changes associated with marijuana dependence may increase craving for alcohol and cocaine

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27 September 2017

Cocaine produces conditioned place aversion in mice with a cocaine-insensitive dopamine transporter

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27 September 2017

Guanfacine effects on stress, drug craving and prefrontal activation in cocaine dependent individuals: preliminary findings

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27 September 2017

Stress- and cue-elicited craving and reactivity in marijuana-dependent individuals

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27 September 2017

Role of α2-agonists in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal

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27 September 2017

Stress in the daily lives of cocaine and heroin users: relationship to mood, craving, relapse triggers, and cocaine use.

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27 September 2017

Inactivation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in an animal model of relapse: effects on conditioned cue-induced reinstatement and its enhancement by yohimbine

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27 September 2017

A neurochemical yin and yang: does serotonin activate and norepinephrine deactivate the prefrontal cortex?

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27 September 2017

Evaluation of the relationship between anxiety during withdrawal and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking

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27 September 2017

Yohimbine stress potentiates conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking in rats

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27 September 2017

kappa-Opioid receptor signaling and brain reward function

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27 September 2017

Hormonal, cardiovascular, and subjective responses to acute stress in smokers

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27 September 2017

Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction

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27 September 2017

The effects of chronic versus acute desipramine on nicotine withdrawal and nicotine self-administration in the rat.

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27 September 2017

Local administration of a cannabinoid agonist alters norepinephrine efflux in the rat frontal cortex

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27 September 2017

Effects of the CRF receptor antagonist D-Phe CRF(12-41) and the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine on stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats

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27 September 2017

There and back again: a tale of norepinephrine and drug addiction

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27 September 2017

Potentiation of cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats by the anxiogenic drug yohimbine

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27 September 2017

Cannabinoids modulate spontaneous neuronal activity and evoked inhibition of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons

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27 September 2017

Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: an update and clinical implications

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27 September 2017

Cognitive impairment in acute cocaine withdrawal

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27 September 2017

Nicotine-induced changes in neurotransmitter levels in brain areas associated with cognitive function

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27 September 2017

Stress and relapse to drug seeking: studies in laboratory animals shed light on mechanisms and sources of long-term vulnerability

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27 September 2017

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulation of spinal norepinephrine release

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27 September 2017

Effect of nicotine on sympathetic nervous system activity of mice subjected to immobilization stress

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27 September 2017

Tolerance to the humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man.

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27 September 2017

Brain concentrations of biogenic amine metabolites in acutely treated and ethanol-dependent rats

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27 September 2017

Noradrenergic hyperactivity in opiate withdrawal supported by clonidine reversal of opiate withdrawal

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27 September 2017

A comparison of some pharmacological actions of morphine and ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the mouse

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27 September 2017

Relationship between body temperature and brain monoamines during the development of tolerance to ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat

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27 September 2017

Presynaptic α₂-adrenoceptors control the inhibitory action of presynaptic CB₁ cannabinoid receptors on prefrontocortical norepinephrine release in the rat.

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30 May 2018

Nicotine self-administration diminishes stress-induced norepinephrine secretion but augments adrenergic-responsiveness in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and enhances adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone release

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30 May 2018

Evidence for alterations in alpha2-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in rats exposed to repeated cocaine administration

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30 May 2018

Caffeine affects cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activation at work and home

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30 May 2018

Cannabinoids cause central sympathoexcitation and bradycardia in rabbits.

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30 May 2018

Local alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors modulate hippocampal norepinephrine release by systemic nicotine.

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30 May 2018

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release in the human and guinea-pig hippocampus.

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30 May 2018

Changes in serotonin and norepinephrine uptake sites after chronic cocaine: pre- vs. post-withdrawal effects.

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30 May 2018

Noradrenergic dysregulation during discontinuation of cocaine use in addicts

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30 May 2018

Locus coeruleus activity in monkey: phasic and tonic changes are associated with altered vigilance.

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30 May 2018

Modification of environmentally cued tolerance to ethanol in mice

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30 May 2018

Clonidine: inpatient studies from 1978 to 1981.

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30 May 2018

Effects of acute ethanol on plasma and brain catecholamine levels in stressed and unstressed rats: evidence for an ethanol-stress interaction.

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30 May 2018

Caffeine down-regulates β adrenoreceptors in rat forebrain

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30 May 2018

Effect of clonidine on the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in heroin addicts and normal volunteers

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30 May 2018

Changes in plasma free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and noradrenaline levels after acute alcohol administration

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30 May 2018

Alcohol withdrawal: effects of clonidine treatment on sympathetic activity, the renin-aldosterone system, and clinical symptoms.

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30 May 2018

Chronic cocaine effects on peripheral biogenic amines: a long-term reduction in peripheral dopamine and phenylethylamine production

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30 May 2018

Effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on amine levels and turnover in various hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems and on the secretion of pituitary hormones in the male rat.

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30 May 2018

Effect of delta 9-THC on brain and plasma catecholamine levels as measured by HPLC.

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30 May 2018

Sympathoadrenal activity and sympathoinhibitory hormones during acute and chronic nicotine application in dogs

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30 May 2018

Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor involvement in norepinephrine-ethanol inhibition of rat brain Na+ -K+ ATPase and in ethanol tolerance.

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30 May 2018

Caffeine as a possible cause of ventricular arrhythmias during the healing phase of acute myocardial infarction

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30 May 2018

Effect of chronic caffeine administration on monoamine and monoamine metabolite concentrations in rat brain.

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30 May 2018

Tolerance to nicotine-induced sympathoadrenal stimulation and cross-tolerance to stress: differential central and peripheral mechanisms in rats.

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30 May 2018

Chronic cocaine and rat brain catecholamines: long-term reduction in hypothalamic and frontal cortex dopamine metabolism

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30 May 2018

Discordance of physiological and biochemical response to smoking and to psychological stress.

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30 May 2018

Evidence for functional separation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 noradrenaline receptors by pre-synaptic terminal re-uptake mechanisms.

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30 May 2018

Catecholamine metabolism during heroin use.

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30 May 2018

Environmental stress as a factor in the response of rat brain catecholamine metabolism to delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol.

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30 May 2018

The effects of cannabinoids on body temperature and brain catecholamine synthesis

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30 May 2018

The influence of cocaine and desipramine on the cardiac responses to exogenous and endogenous norepinephrine

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30 May 2018

Black bile: are elevated monoamines an etiological factor in some cases of major depression?

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28 November 2018

Positive association between--1021TT genotype of dopamine beta hydroxylase gene and progressive behavior of injection heroin users

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28 November 2018

Pharmacological differences between rat frontal cortex and hippocampus in the nicotinic modulation of noradrenaline release implicate distinct receptor subtypes

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28 November 2018

Treatment of cocaine withdrawal anxiety with guanfacine: relationships to cocaine intake and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats.

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28 November 2018

Neurodrinking: is alcohol a substrate in a novel, endogenous synthetic pathway for norepinephrine?

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28 November 2018

Chronic caffeine intake decreases circulating catecholamines and prevents diet-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats.

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28 November 2018

Stress, habits, and drug addiction: a psychoneuroendocrinological perspective.

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28 November 2018

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibition by atomoxetine prevents cue-induced heroin and cocaine seeking.

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28 November 2018

Multiple polymorphisms in genes of the adrenergic stress system confer vulnerability to alcohol abuse

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28 November 2018

A possible association of the norepinephrine transporter gene in the development of heroin dependence in Han Chinese.

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28 November 2018

Chronic exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence but not during adulthood impairs emotional behaviour and monoaminergic neurotransmission

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28 November 2018

High impulsivity predicts relapse to cocaine-seeking after punishment-induced abstinence

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28 November 2018

Effect of a novel neurotensin analog, NT69L, on nicotine-induced alterations in monoamine levels in rat brain

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28 November 2018

Ethanol consumption and reward depend on norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex.

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28 November 2018

Effect of bupropion on physiological measures of stress in smokers during nicotine withdrawal.

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28 November 2018

Indirect modulation by alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices: interaction with glutamate and GABA systems and effect of nicotine withdrawal.

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28 November 2018

Locally administered low nicotine-induced neurotransmitter changes in areas of cognitive function

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28 November 2018

Systemic administration of WIN 55,212-2 increases norepinephrine release in the rat frontal cortex

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28 November 2018

Regional heterogeneity of nicotine effects on neurotransmitters in rat brains in vivo at low doses

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28 November 2018

Effects of chronic cocaine self-administration on norepinephrine transporters in the nonhuman primate brain

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28 November 2018

Pharmacological characterization of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin release in the rat prefrontal cortex by neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists

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28 November 2018

Caffeine and central noradrenaline: effects on mood, cognitive performance, eye movements and cardiovascular function

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Effects of mental workload and caffeine on catecholamines and blood pressure compared to performance variations

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Plasma catecholamines in ethanol tolerance and withdrawal in mice

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Renal and metabolic effects of caffeine in obese (fa/fa(cp)), diabetic, hypertensive ZSF1 rats

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists block stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Clonidine blocks stress-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats: an effect independent of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol increases prefrontal cortical catecholaminergic utilization and impairs spatial working memory in the rat: blockade of dopaminergic effects with HA966.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Catecholamine and MHPG plasma levels, platelet MAO activity, and 3H-imipramine binding in heroin and cocaine addicts.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Sympathomimetic effects of paraxanthine and caffeine in humans

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Effects on monoamine levels in rat CNS after chronic administration of cocaine.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Reinforcing properties of clonidine in rhesus monkeys.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Intravenous clonidine self-administration by rhesus monkeys.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Attenuation of heroin reward in rats by disruption of the mesolimbic dopamine system.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Effect of chronic administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the endogenous opioid peptide and catecholamine levels in the diencephalon and plasma of the rat

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

1-Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol: Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects in the Mouse

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Brain catecholamines during ethanol administration, effect of naloxone on brain dopamine and norepinephrine responses to withdrawal from ethanol.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3798293

28 November 2018

Stressful Life Events and the Return to Heroin Use

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Development of specific tolerance to nicotine infusions in dogs on chronic nicotine treatment

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Interaction of ambient temperature with the effects of ? 9 on brain catecholamine synthesis and plasma corticosterone levels

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Further studies on the role of noradrenergic mechanisms in ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Neurochemical correlates of sympathetic activation during severe alcohol withdrawal

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Effect of nicotine on single cell activity in the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Neuroendocrine responses to nicotine and stress: enhancement of peripheral stress responses by the administration of nicotine

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

The effects of heroin on catecholamine metabolism in man

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

The effect of prior exercise and caffeine ingestion on metabolic rate and hormones in young adult males

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Neuroendocrine responses to caffeine in the work environment

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Effect of acute ethanol administration on noradrenaline metabolism in brain regions of stressed and nonstressed rats

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Nicotinic agonists administered into the fourth ventricle stimulate norepinephrine secretion in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: an in vivo microdialysis study

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

[Monoamine content of the blood in the experimental pharmacotherapy of alcoholic intoxication]

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Effects of ethanol on catecholamine levels and related enzyme activities in different brain regions of rats

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

CSF Levels of Norepinephrine During Alcohol Withdrawal

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Inhibition of norepinephrine release from rat cortex slices by opioids: differences among agonists in sensitivities to antagonists suggest receptor heterogeneity

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Acute effects of moderate alcohol consumption on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Ethanol suppression of locus coeruleus neurons: relevancy to the fetal alcohol syndrome

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Age and prior caffeine use alter the cardiovascular and adrenomedullary responses to oral caffeine

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Caffeine effects on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute psychosocial stress and their relationship to level of habitual caffeine consumption

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Nicotine tolerance in chromaffin cell cultures: acute and chronic exposure to smoking-related nicotine doses

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

Central and peripheral haemodynamic changes after alcohol ingestion

1 reference

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151426

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

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