Home
Random
Nearby
Log in
Settings
Donate
About Wikidata
Disclaimers
Search
(Q37335405)
Watch
English
Bacterial persister cell formation and dormancy.
scientific article published on 13 September 2013
In more languages
edit
Statements
instance of
scholarly article
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
title
Bacterial persister cell formation and dormancy
(English)
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
author
Thomas K. Wood
series ordinal
1
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
author name string
Stephen J Knabel
series ordinal
2
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
Brian W Kwan
series ordinal
3
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
language of work or name
English
0 references
publication date
13 September 2013
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
published in
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
volume
79
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
issue
23
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
page(s)
7116-7121
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
cites work
Dormancy is not necessary or sufficient for bacterial persistence
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Quantitative analysis of persister fractions suggests different mechanisms of formation among environmental isolates of E. coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Arrested protein synthesis increases persister-like cell formation.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Toxin-antitoxin systems are ubiquitous and versatile modulators of prokaryotic cell fate
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Reverting antibiotic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 persister cells by (Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
The catabolite repression control protein Crc plays a role in the development of antimicrobial-tolerant subpopulations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
A new type V toxin-antitoxin system where mRNA for toxin GhoT is cleaved by antitoxin GhoS
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
ppGpp: magic beyond RNA polymerase
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Bacterial persistence increases as environmental fitness decreases.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Active starvation responses mediate antibiotic tolerance in biofilms and nutrient-limited bacteria
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Selective killing of bacterial persisters by a single chemical compound without affecting normal antibiotic-sensitive cells
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Bacterial persistence by RNA endonucleases
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Control of bacterial persister cells by Trp/Arg-containing antimicrobial peptides
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Age of inoculum strongly influences persister frequency and can mask effects of mutations implicated in altered persistence
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Metabolite-enabled eradication of bacterial persisters by aminoglycosides
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Regulation of phenotypic variability by a threshold-based mechanism underlies bacterial persistence
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Persister cells
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Ciprofloxacin causes persister formation by inducing the TisB toxin in Escherichia coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Three Dimensional Structure of the MqsR:MqsA Complex: A Novel TA Pair Comprised of a Toxin Homologous to RelE and an Antitoxin with Unique Properties
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
The bacterial signal indole increases epithelial-cell tight-junction resistance and attenuates indicators of inflammation
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Novel persistence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified by high-throughput screening.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: more than selfish entities?
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
The chromosomal toxin gene yafQ is a determinant of multidrug tolerance for Escherichia coli growing in a biofilm.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Escherichia coli MazF leads to the simultaneous selective synthesis of both "death proteins" and "survival proteins".
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Bacterial persistence: some new insights into an old phenomenon
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Molecular mechanisms of HipA-mediated multidrug tolerance and its neutralization by HipB
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Indole is an inter-species biofilm signal mediated by SdiA.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli biofilms are inhibited by 7-hydroxyindole and stimulated by isatin
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Persister cells, dormancy and infectious disease
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Persisters: a distinct physiological state of E. coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Autoinducer 2 controls biofilm formation in Escherichia coli through a novel motility quorum-sensing regulator (MqsR, B3022)
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Antimicrobial peptides.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Specialized persister cells and the mechanism of multidrug tolerance in Escherichia coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Bacterial persistence as a phenotypic switch
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Signal transduction and regulatory mechanisms involved in control of the sigma(S) (RpoS) subunit of RNA polymerase
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
An Escherichia coli chromosomal "addiction module" regulated by guanosine [corrected] 3',5'-bispyrophosphate: a model for programmed bacterial cell death
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
hipA, a newly recognized gene of Escherichia coli K-12 that affects frequency of persistence after inhibition of murein synthesis
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Influence of growth rate on susceptibility to antimicrobial agents: modification of the cell envelope and batch and continuous culture studies
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
6 September 2017
Type II toxin/antitoxin MqsR/MqsA controls type V toxin/antitoxin GhoT/GhoS.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
14 September 2017
The stringent response controls catalases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is required for hydrogen peroxide and antibiotic tolerance
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
14 September 2017
Signaling-mediated bacterial persister formation
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
26 June 2018
Antitoxin MqsA helps mediate the bacterial general stress response
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
26 June 2018
Diversity of bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin systems: a comprehensive search and functional analysis of novel families
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
26 June 2018
Toxins Hha and CspD and small RNA regulator Hfq are involved in persister cell formation through MqsR in Escherichia coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
26 June 2018
PhoU is a persistence switch involved in persister formation and tolerance to multiple antibiotics and stresses in Escherichia coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
26 June 2018
Characterization of the hipA7 allele of Escherichia coli and evidence that high persistence is governed by (p)ppGpp synthesis
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
26 June 2018
Controlling persister cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDO300 by (Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Metabolic control of persister formation in Escherichia coli
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
YeeU enhances the bundling of cytoskeletal polymers of MreB and FtsZ, antagonizing the CbtA (YeeV) toxicity in Escherichia coli.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Antitoxin DinJ influences the general stress response through transcript stabilizer CspE.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Indole and 7-hydroxyindole diminish Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
The frequency of persisters in Escherichia coli reflects the kinetics of awakening from dormancy
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Role of persisters and small-colony variants in antibiotic resistance of planktonic and biofilm-associated Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Messenger RNA interferase RelE controls relBE transcription by conditional cooperativity.
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Persister cells and tolerance to antimicrobials
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Gene expression in Escherichia coli biofilms
1 reference
stated in
PubMed Central
reference URL
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3837759
retrieved
2 September 2018
Dynamic persistence of antibiotic-stressed mycobacteria
1 reference
stated in
PubMed
reference URL
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24038684
retrieved
12 December 2020
based on heuristic
inferred from PubMed ID database lookup
Identifiers
DOI
10.1128/AEM.02636-13
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
PMC publication ID
3837759
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
PubMed publication ID
24038684
1 reference
stated in
Europe PubMed Central
PMC publication ID
3837759
reference URL
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:24038684%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json
retrieved
21 February 2020
ResearchGate publication ID
256613049
0 references
Sitelinks
Wikipedia
(0 entries)
edit
Wikibooks
(0 entries)
edit
Wikinews
(0 entries)
edit
Wikiquote
(0 entries)
edit
Wikisource
(0 entries)
edit
Wikiversity
(0 entries)
edit
Wikivoyage
(0 entries)
edit
Wiktionary
(0 entries)
edit
Multilingual sites
(0 entries)
edit
