(Q37080683)

18 August 2017

Maternal nutrition and the programming of obesity: The brain (English)

1 reference

18 August 2017

0 references

Beverly Sara Mühlhäusler

series ordinal

1

1 reference

PMCID

2634588

18 August 2017

Clare L Adam

series ordinal

2

1 reference

PMCID

2634588

18 August 2017

I Caroline McMillen

series ordinal

3

1 reference

18 August 2017

1 July 2008

1 reference

18 August 2017

1 reference

18 August 2017

4

1 reference

18 August 2017

3

1 reference

18 August 2017

144-152

1 reference

The intake of physiological doses of leptin during lactation in rats prevents obesity in later life

18 August 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Prenatal development of hypothalamic neuropeptide systems in the nonhuman primate

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Animal models of programming: early life influences on appetite and feeding behaviour

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome: prediction, plasticity, and programming

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Early origins of obesity: programming the appetite regulatory system

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Impact of glucose infusion on the structural and functional characteristics of adipose tissue and on hypothalamic gene expression for appetite regulatory neuropeptides in the sheep fetus during late gestation

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

CART in feeding and obesity

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Insulin and its evolving partnership with leptin in the hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Appetite regulatory neuropeptides are expressed in the sheep hypothalamus before birth.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Minireview: Leptin and development of hypothalamic feeding circuits.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Formation of projection pathways from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to hypothalamic regions implicated in the neural control of feeding behavior in mice.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Hypothalamus of the human fetus

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Ontogeny of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y system

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Leptin regulates appetite-related neuropeptides in the hypothalamus of developing rats without affecting food intake

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Effects of leptin on arcuate pro-opiomelanocortin and cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript expression are independent of circulating levels of corticosterone

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

The need to feed: homeostatic and hedonic control of eating

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Genetic approaches to studying energy balance: perception and integration

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Leptin signaling, adiposity, and energy balance

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Pro-opiomelanocortin processing in the hypothalamus: impact on melanocortin signalling and obesity

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Metabolic programming in animals.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Obesity and its potential mechanistic basis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

The hypothalamus and the control of energy homeostasis: different circuits, different purposes

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Fetal programming of appetite and obesity.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Pancreatic islet transplantation in diabetic pregnant rats prevents acquired malformation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in their offspring

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Role of melanocortins in the central control of feeding

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Melanocortins and feeding behavior.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Two important systems in energy homeostasis: melanocortins and melanin-concentrating hormone

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in feeding and obesity

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

The role of melanocortin signalling in the control of body weight: evidence from human and murine genetic models.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Fasting regulates hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, and proopiomelanocortin in diabetic mice independent of changes in leptin or insulin

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Leptin differentially regulates NPY and POMC neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamic area.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Leptin receptor and neuropeptide Y gene expression in the sheep brain

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Interacting appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

A C-terminal fragment of Agouti-related protein increases feeding and antagonizes the effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in vivo

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Effect of fasting and leptin deficiency on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene transcription in vivo revealed by expression of a lacZ reporter gene

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Proopiomelanocortin neurons are direct targets for leptin in the hypothalamus

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

The neural network that regulates energy balance is responsive to glucocorticoids and insulin and also regulates HPA axis responsivity at a site proximal to CRF neurons

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Placental transport of nutrients to the fetus

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Neuropeptide Y injected in the paraventricular hypothalamus: a powerful stimulant of feeding behavior

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Decreased inhibition by leptin of hypothalamic arcuate neurons in neonatally overfed young rats.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Elevation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-neurons in adult offspring of diabetic mother rats

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Morphological alterations of hypothalamic nuclei due to intrahypothalamic hyperinsulinism in newborn rats.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Malformations of hypothalamic nuclei in hyperinsulinemic offspring of rats with gestational diabetes.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Syndrome X-like alterations in adult female rats due to neonatal insulin treatment.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Effects of increasing gestation, cortisol and maternal undernutrition on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression in the sheep fetus.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Maternal diabetes-induced hyperglycemia and acute intracerebral hyperinsulinism suppress fetal brain neuropeptide Y concentrations.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Interactions between leptin and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis in the rat.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

A maternal 'junk food' diet in pregnancy and lactation promotes an exacerbated taste for 'junk food' and a greater propensity for obesity in rat offspring.

27 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Placental restriction of fetal growth reduces size at birth and alters postnatal growth, feeding activity, and adiposity in the young lamb

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Increased maternal nutrition alters development of the appetite-regulating network in the brain.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Role of premature leptin surge in obesity resulting from intrauterine undernutrition.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Neonatal leptin treatment reverses developmental programming

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Leptin fragments induce Fos immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Food restriction and leptin impact brain reward circuitry in lean and obese Zucker rats.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Cross-fostering to diabetic rat dams affects early development of mediobasal hypothalamic nuclei regulating food intake, body weight, and metabolism

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Chronic neuropeptide Y infusion into the lateral ventricle induces sustained feeding and obesity in mice lacking either Npy1r or Npy5r expression

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Altered responses to orexigenic (AGRP, MCH) and anorexigenic (alpha-MSH, CART) neuropeptides of paraventricular hypothalamic neurons in early postnatally overfed rats

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Fetal leptin is a signal of fat mass independent of maternal nutrition in ewes fed at or above maintenance energy requirements

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Spatial and developmental regulation of leptin in fetal sheep

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Functional characterizations of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA expression in rat hypothalamus

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Novel expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in hypothalamic regions during development: region-specific effects of maternal deprivation on NPY and Agouti-related protein mRNA.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Postnatal regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptide expression by leptin: implications for energy balance and body weight regulation

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Hypothalamic nuclei are malformed in weanling offspring of low protein malnourished rat dams.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Fetal origins of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension and postnatal amplification by hypercaloric nutrition.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Abundance of leptin mRNA in fetal adipose tissue is related to fetal body weight

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Observations on the orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-system in neonatally overfed weanling rats.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Perinatal elevation of hypothalamic insulin, acquired malformation of hypothalamic galaninergic neurons, and syndrome x-like alterations in adulthood of neonatally overfed rats.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Hypothalamic insulin and neuropeptide Y in the offspring of gestational diabetic mother rats.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: I. Body growth and composition, and some aspects of energetic efficiency

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2634588

Prenatal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet programmes a preference for high-fat foods in the young adult rat

3 September 2018

1 reference

Crossref

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.4161%2FORG.4.3.6503

The effect of leptin treatment on the development of obesity in overfed suckling Wistar rats

21 January 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Central melanocortin system modulates energy intake and expenditure of obese and lean Zucker rats

1 reference

12 December 2020

Overweight and increased diabetes susceptibility in neonatally insulin-treated adult rats

1 reference

12 December 2020

Evidence that the amount of food consumed in early life fixes appetite in the rat

1 reference

12 December 2020

Modulation of susceptibility to weight gain and insulin resistance in low birthweight rats by treatment of their mothers with leptin during pregnancy and lactation

1 reference

12 December 2020

Children born small for gestational age: do they catch up?

1 reference

12 December 2020

Population-based trends and correlates of maternal overweight and obesity, Utah 1991-2001

1 reference

12 December 2020

Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y levels in weaning offspring of low-protein malnourished mother rats

1 reference

12 December 2020

Leptin alters the structural and functional characteristics of adipose tissue before birth

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

DOI

10.4161/ORG.4.3.6503

1 reference

18 August 2017

1 reference

18 August 2017

1 reference

PMCID

2634588