(Q37200894)

18 August 2017

Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin antimicrobial barrier function (English)

1 reference

18 August 2017

7

Wendy L Havran

1 reference

18 August 2017

Amanda S MacLeod

1

1 reference

18 August 2017

Saskia Hemmers

2

1 reference

18 August 2017

Olivia Garijo

3

1 reference

18 August 2017

Marianne Chabod

4

1 reference

18 August 2017

Kerri Mowen

5

1 reference

18 August 2017

Deborah A Witherden

6

1 reference

18 August 2017

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

24 September 2013

1 reference

Journal of Clinical Investigation

18 August 2017

1 reference

18 August 2017

123

1 reference

18 August 2017

10

1 reference

18 August 2017

4364-4374

1 reference

The antimicrobial protein REG3A regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation after skin injury

18 August 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cutting edge: dendritic epidermal γδ T cell ligands are rapidly and locally expressed by keratinocytes following cutaneous wounding

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Body-barrier surveillance by epidermal γδ TCRs

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Antimicrobial peptides: old molecules with new ideas

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Pivotal role of dermal IL-17-producing γδ T cells in skin inflammation

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Treatment with IL-17 prolongs the half-life of chemokine CXCL1 mRNA via the adaptor TRAF5 and the splicing-regulatory factor SF2 (ASF)

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Lack of Th17 cell generation in patients with severe burn injuries

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Expression of epidermal CAMP changes in parallel with permeability barrier status.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

IL-17A upregulates keratin 17 expression in keratinocytes through STAT1- and STAT3-dependent mechanisms

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Skint-1 identifies a common molecular mechanism for the development of interferon-γ-secreting versus interleukin-17-secreting γδ T cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Functions of skin-resident γδ T cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cutting edge: Identification of a motile IL-17-producing gammadelta T cell population in the dermis

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Burn induces a Th-17 inflammatory response at the injury site

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Functional specialization of interleukin-17 family members

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cutaneous immunosurveillance by self-renewing dermal gammadelta T cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense skin injury and promote wound healing through type I interferons

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The Junctional Adhesion Molecule JAML Is a Costimulatory Receptor for Epithelial γδ T Cell Activation

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Gammadelta T cells are reduced and rendered unresponsive by hyperglycemia and chronic TNFalpha in mouse models of obesity and metabolic disease

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Epidermal T cells and wound healing

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

IL-17 regulates CXCL1 mRNA stability via an AUUUA/tristetraprolin-independent sequence

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The host defense peptide cathelicidin is required for NK cell-mediated suppression of tumor growth

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Structural basis of receptor sharing by interleukin 17 cytokines

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

A role for human skin-resident T cells in wound healing

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

CD27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-gamma- and interleukin 17-producing gammadelta T cell subsets

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cytokine-mediated regulation of antimicrobial proteins

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

6 September 2017

Skin barrier function

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Deficiency of Th17 cells in hyper IgE syndrome due to mutations in STAT3

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Thymic selection determines gammadelta T cell effector fate: antigen-naive cells make interleukin-17 and antigen-experienced cells make interferon gamma

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Skint1, the prototype of a newly identified immunoglobulin superfamily gene cluster, positively selects epidermal gammadelta T cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Impaired T(H)17 cell differentiation in subjects with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Molecular mechanisms linking wound inflammation and fibrosis: knockdown of osteopontin leads to rapid repair and reduced scarring

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

T helper 17 lineage differentiation is programmed by orphan nuclear receptors ROR alpha and ROR gamma

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Innate immunity and antimicrobial defense systems in psoriasis

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Soft tissue wounds and principles of healing

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Injury enhances TLR2 function and antimicrobial peptide expression through a vitamin D-dependent mechanism

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

STAT3 regulates cytokine-mediated generation of inflammatory helper T cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Antimicrobial peptides: an essential component of the skin defensive barrier.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cutting edge: interleukin 17 signals through a heteromeric receptor complex

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Injury-induced innate immune response in human skin mediated by transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Normal cutaneous wound healing: clinical correlation with cellular and molecular events

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Resident skin-specific gammadelta T cells provide local, nonredundant regulation of cutaneous inflammation

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Regulation of cutaneous malignancy by gammadelta T cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The Ca2+-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 are encoded by novel injury-regulated genes

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

A role for epithelial gammadelta T cells in tissue repair

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Regulation of naive T cell differentiation by varying the potency of TCR signal transduction

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Chemokine expression by intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. Implications for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to damaged epithelia

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Maximal activation of transcription by Stat1 and Stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Diversity, rearrangement, and expression of murine T cell gamma genes

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Wound repair in the context of extracellular matrix

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Roles for tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and sphingomyelinase in repairing the cutaneous permeability barrier

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Expression of snail in epidermal keratinocytes promotes cutaneous inflammation and hyperplasia conducive to tumor formation

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

IL-17 enhances chemokine gene expression through mRNA stabilization

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Long-term culture of adult murine epidermal keratinocytes

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The potency of TCR signaling differentially regulates NFATc/p activity and early IL-4 transcription in naive CD4+ T cells

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Profiles of cytokine mRNA expressed by dendritic epidermal T cells in mice

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Recognition of Self Antigens by Skin-Derived T Cells with Invariant γδ Antigen Receptors

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is critical for homeostasis of invariant gammadelta T cells in the murine epidermis.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cutting edge: adaptive versus innate receptor signals selectively control the pool sizes of murine IFN-γ- or IL-17-producing γδ T cells upon infection

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Mechanical and metabolic injury to the skin barrier leads to increased expression of murine β-defensin-1, -3, and -14.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate IL-17 production from gammadelta T cells, amplifying Th17 responses and autoimmunity.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Interleukin-17-producing gammadelta T cells selectively expand in response to pathogen products and environmental signals

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Impaired cutaneous wound healing with excess granulation tissue formation in TNFalpha-null mice.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Wound age estimation by simultaneous detection of 9 cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay: an estimative method using outsourced examinations

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Recognition of hyaluronan released in sterile injury involves a unique receptor complex dependent on Toll-like receptor 4, CD44, and MD-2.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

The vast majority of CLA+ T cells are resident in normal skin.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin homeostasis through local production of insulin-like growth factor 1.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

A keratinocyte-responsive gamma delta TCR is necessary for dendritic epidermal T cell activation by damaged keratinocytes and maintenance in the epidermis

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Antigen-specific T cell sensitization is impaired in IL-17-deficient mice, causing suppression of allergic cellular and humoral responses

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

Cutaneous injury induces the release of cathelicidin anti-microbial peptides active against group A Streptococcus

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

CD4 regulation of TCR signaling and T cell differentiation following stimulation with peptides of different affinities for the TCR.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3784546

A role for skin gammadelta T cells in wound repair

3 September 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds and is lacking in chronic ulcer epithelium

1 reference

12 December 2020

Dendritic Epidermal T Cells: Activation Requirements and Phenotypic Characterization of Proliferating Cells

1 reference

12 December 2020

Casting new light on the TCR

1 reference

12 December 2020

Environmentally Responsive and Reversible Regulation of Epidermal Barrier Function by γδ T Cells

1 reference

12 December 2020

Antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines

1 reference

12 December 2020

Chronic colitis induces expression of β-defensins in murine intestinal epithelial cells

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

DOI

10.1172/JCI70064

1 reference

18 August 2017

1 reference

18 August 2017

PubMed publication ID

24051381

1 reference