(Q33723415)

28 July 2017

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title

Methotrexate and leflunomide: biochemical basis for combination therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (English)

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28 July 2017

0 references

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Kremer JM

1

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28 July 2017

publication date

1 August 1999

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Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism

28 July 2017

published in

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28 July 2017

volume

29

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28 July 2017

issue

1

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28 July 2017

page(s)

14-26

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Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications

28 July 2017

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Combination of sulphasalazine and methotrexate versus the single components in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, 52 week clinical trial

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7 January 2021

Combination Therapy with Cyclosporine and Methotrexate in Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Combination treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis with cyclosporine and methotrexate for forty-eight weeks. An open-label extension study

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Comparison of azathioprine, methotrexate, and the combination of both in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial

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Comparison of auranofin, methotrexate, and the combination of both in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial

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7 January 2021

Safety and effectiveness of leflunomide in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study

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Efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with placebo and sulphasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. European Leflunomide Study Group.

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7 January 2021

The american rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis

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7 January 2021

The cellular pharmacology of methotrexate

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7 January 2021

Polygammaglutamyl metabolites of methotrexate.

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7 January 2021

Accumulation of methotrexate diglutamate in human liver during methotrexate therapy

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7 January 2021

Methotrexate polyglutamate synthesis by cultured human breast cancer cells

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7 January 2021

Synthesis, Retention, and Biological Activity of Methotrexate Polyglutamates in Cultured Human Breast Cancer Cells

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7 January 2021

Intracellular pharmacokinetics of methotrexate polyglutamates in human breast cancer cells. Selective retention and less dissociable binding of 4-NH2-10-CH3-pteroylglutamate4 and 4-NH2-10-CH3-pteroylglutamate5 to dihydrofolate reductase

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7 January 2021

Human thymidylate synthetase--III. Effects of methotrexate and folate analogs

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7 January 2021

Polyglutamation of methotrexate. Is methotrexate a prodrug?

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7 January 2021

Inhibition of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide transformylase by methotrexate and dihydrofolic acid polyglutamates

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7 January 2021

The effect of folic acid supplementation on the toxicity of low-dose methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

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7 January 2021

Low-dose methotrexate with leucovorin (folinic acid) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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7 January 2021

Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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7 January 2021

Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: an update with focus on mechanisms involved in toxicity

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7 January 2021

Molecular therapeutics. Methotrexate and its mechanism of action

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7 January 2021

The mechanism of action of methotrexate

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7 January 2021

Inhibition of in vitro vascular endothelial cell proliferation and in vivo neovascularization by low-dose methotrexate

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7 January 2021

Polyamine biosynthesis is necessary for interleukin-2-dependent proliferation but not for interleukin-2 production or high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expression

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7 January 2021

The in vitro effects of methotrexate on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Modulation by methyl donors and spermidine

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7 January 2021

Antiproliferative effects of methotrexate on peripheral blood mononuclear cells

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7 January 2021

Immunologic studies of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate

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7 January 2021

Weekly pulse methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects in a randomized, double-blind study.

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7 January 2021

Long-term prospective trial of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis

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7 January 2021

Efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis

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7 January 2021

The antiinflammatory mechanism of methotrexate. Increased adenosine release at inflamed sites diminishes leukocyte accumulation in an in vivo model of inflammation.

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7 January 2021

Monoclonal anti‐TNFα Antibody as a Probe of Pathogenesis and Therapy of Rheumatoid Disease

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7 January 2021

Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor stimulates collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial cells and dermal fibroblasts

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7 January 2021

Alteration of interleukin-1 production and the acute phase response following medication of adjuvant arthritic rats with cyclosporin-A or methotrexate

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7 January 2021

The effects of methotrexate on the production and activity of interleukin-1

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7 January 2021

Rescue of interleukin-1 activity by leucovorin following inhibition by methotrexate in a murine in vitro system

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7 January 2021

Methotrexate action in rheumatoid arthritis: stimulation of cytokine inhibitor and inhibition of chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells

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7 January 2021

Elevated levels of TNF in the joints of adjuvant arthritic rats

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7 January 2021

Prostaglandin and tumor necrosis factor secretion by peritoneal macrophages isolated from normal and arthritic rats treated with liposomal methotrexate

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7 January 2021

The effect of liposomally conjugated methotrexate upon mediator release from human peripheral blood monocytes

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7 January 2021

Effect of three lipophilic methotrexate derivatives upon mediator release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages

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7 January 2021

Circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-2 receptors, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Longitudinal evaluation during methotrexate and azathioprine therapy

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7 January 2021

Synovium as a source of interleukin 6 in vitro. Contribution to local and systemic manifestations of arthritis

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7 January 2021

Interferon beta 2/B-cell stimulatory factor type 2 shares identity with monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and regulates the major acute phase protein response in liver cells

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7 January 2021

Effect of methotrexate alone or in combination with sulphasalazine on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Circulating interleukin 10 and interleukin-6 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate or gold salts: preliminary report

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Interleukin-8 in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: synovial fluid levels, relation to rheumatoid factors, production by mononuclear cells, and effects of gold sodium thiomalate and methotrexate

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Methotrexate and sulfasalazine promote adenosine release by a mechanism that requires ecto-5'-nucleotidase-mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Methotrexate inhibits neutrophil function by stimulating adenosine release from connective tissue cells

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7 January 2021

Alteration of purine metabolism by AICA-riboside in human B lymphoblasts

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7 January 2021

Inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide transformylase, adenosine deaminase and 5'-adenylate deaminase by polyglutamates of methotrexate and oxidized folates and by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and ribotide

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7 January 2021

The antiinflammatory effects of an adenosine kinase inhibitor are mediated by adenosine

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7 January 2021

Adenosine receptor subtypes: characterization and therapeutic regulation

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7 January 2021

Leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules: effects of adenosine and methotrexate

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7 January 2021

Disease modifying activity of HWA 486 on the development of SLE in MRL/1-mice.

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7 January 2021

Leflunomide prevents the development of experimentally induced myasthenia gravis

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7 January 2021

Effects of leflunomide on immune responses and models of inflammation

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7 January 2021

Immunopharmacological profile of a novel isoxazol derivative, HWA 486, with potential antirheumatic activity--I. Disease modifying action on adjuvant arthritis of the rat

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7 January 2021

Disease modifying activity of HWA 486 in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis

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7 January 2021

Drug actions on delayed-type hypersensitivity in rats with developing and established adjuvant arthritis

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7 January 2021

Immunopharmacological profile of HWA 486, a novel isoxazol derivative--II. In vivo immunomodulating effects differ from those of cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, or cyclosporin A

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic properties of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors: 2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-N-[3'-methyl-4'-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ] propenamide and related compounds

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Effects of leflunomide and other immunosuppressive agents on T cell proliferation in vitro

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Regulation of B cell function by the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide

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7 January 2021

Leflunomide, a novel immunosuppressive agent. The mechanism of inhibition of T cell proliferation

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7 January 2021

Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in T Cells by a Novel Immunosuppressive Agent, Leflunomide

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Leflunomide inhibits pyrimidine de novo synthesis in mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocytes from healthy humans

1 reference

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7 January 2021

T-lymphocytes from AIDS patients are unable to synthesize ribonucleotides de novo in response to mitogenic stimulation. Impaired pyrimidine responses are already evident at early stages of HIV-1 infection

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism: an overview.

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7 January 2021

Leflunomide, a reversible inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis?

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Leflunomide interferes with pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis

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7 January 2021

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a high affinity binding protein for A77 1726 and mediator of a range of biological effects of the immunomodulatory compound

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7 January 2021

Two activities of the immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726. Inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and protein tyrosine phosphorylation

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7 January 2021

In vitro and in vivo effects of leflunomide, brequinar, and cyclosporine on pyrimidine biosynthesis

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

The immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide is a potent inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

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7 January 2021

Functional expression of a fragment of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by means of the baculovirus expression vector system, and kinetic investigation of the purified recombinant enzyme

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

Effects of leflunomide on glomerulonephritis induced by antibasement membrane antibody in rats

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

Leflunomide: inhibition of S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

Increased polyamines may downregulate interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid arthritis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

In vitro effects of methotrexate on peripheral blood monocytes: modulation by folinic acid and S-adenosylmethionine

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0049-0172%2899%2980034-1

7 January 2021

10.1016/S0049-0172(99)80034-1

Identifiers

DOI

1 reference

28 July 2017

1 reference