(Q718498)
Statements
5. century
6. century
4 references
6. History / p.119 / 6.1 Overview / p.120 / Contact with ... / The beginning of the first wave of borrowing occurred in the pre-Nara period when Buddhism was introduced to Japan in A.D. 552 (or 538). The sounds or readings of the Chinese characters attributed to this first wave of borrowing arc known as *go'on* ('*go* sound/pronunciation'). It is generally believed that *go* refers to the Wu area of southern China, and thus the *go'on* reading is thought to reflect a southern Chinese dialect of the Six Dynasties period (ca. beginning of the fourth century to the mid or late sixth century). (English)
6. History / p.119 / 6.1 Overview / p.120 / p.121 / While some ... / ... / Also, different pronunciations are associated with different spheres of learning: *go'on* with Buddhism, *kan'on* with Confucian and other secular learning, and *to-so'on* with Zen Buddhism. (English)
9. The sinification of Japanese / p.258 / 9.2 Ondoku / p.274 / 9.2.1 Chinese as a foreign (reading) language; Japano-Chinese / p.274 / p.275 / In the initial period of contact with Chinese text and language, the fifth and sixth centuries, ... / ... / It is often thought that the Chinese taught and learned in Japan in this early period was based on southern Chinese varieties, but this is not really known. It seems clear (a) that it does not reflect any single variety of Chinese, ... (English)
5th century (5. century, fifth and sixth centuries) (English)
6th century (6. century, fifth and sixth centuries) (English)
9. The sinification of Japanese / p.258 / 9.2 Ondoku / p.274 / 9.2.1 Chinese as a foreign (reading) language; Japano-Chinese / p.274 / p.275 / (go-on) However, through the seventh and eighth centuries there was extensive direct contact with Tang China, ... / The older established norms of J-Ch ... , which is often interpreted as showing that early J-Ch was based on south-eastern Chinese from the region around present-day Shanghai which was the seat of the ancient, barbarian Kingdom of Wu. (English)
3 references
6. History / p.119 / 6.1 Overview / p.120 / p.121 / The second wave of Chinese borrowing took place during the Nara period, when many students and court officials went to study in Luoyang and Chang'an, the two great metropolises of the Tang dynasty. The new pronunciation associated with this second wave of borrowing during the early phase of the eighth century is called *kan'on* and is considered to reflect the standard language of the Tang period. (English)
8. century (eighth century)
Tang dynasty (Tang period)
6. History / p.119 / 6.1 Overview / p.120 / p.121 / While some ... / ... / Also, different pronunciations are associated with different spheres of learning: *go'on* with Buddhism, *kan'on* with Confucian and other secular learning, and *to-so'on* with Zen Buddhism. (English)
9. The sinification of Japanese / p.258 / 9.2 Ondoku / p.274 / 9.2.1 Chinese as a foreign (reading) language; Japano-Chinese / p.274 / p.275 / However, through the seventh and eighth centuries there was extensive direct contact with Tang China, ... / In the course of their studies they acquired contemporary Chinese as spoken in the Tang capital Chang'an ... / (English)
12. century
14. century
4 references
6. History / p.119 / 6.1 Overview / p.120 / p.121 / The second ... / ... / Then, during the fourteenth century, new vocabulary and pronunciation were introduced chiefly by the followers of the Zen sect of Buddhism. This new pronunciation, believed to represent that of the Hangzhou area of the period, is called *to-so'on* ('Tang-Song pronunciation'). (English)
14. century (fourteenth century)
6. History / p.119 / 6.1 Overview / p.120 / p.121 / While some ... / ... / Also, different pronunciations are associated with different spheres of learning: *go'on* with Buddhism, *kan'on* with Confucian and other secular learning, and *to-so'on* with Zen Buddhism. (English)
9. The sinification of Japanese / p.258 / 9.2 Ondoku / p.274 / 9.2.1 Chinese as a foreign (reading) language; Japano-Chinese / p.274 / p.275 / However, through the seventh and eighth centuries there was extensive direct contact with Tang China, ... / In the course of their studies they acquired contemporary Chinese as spoken in the Tang capital Chang'an ... / (English)
Tang China
9. The sinification of Japanese / p.258 / 9.2 Ondoku / p.274 / 9.2.1 Chinese as a foreign (reading) language; Japano-Chinese / p.274 / p.276 / *Kan-on* was ... / ... / As a result, ... , especially in the context of Japanese Zen Buddhism from the late twelfth century onwards, said to be based on southern Chinese varieties, leading to the establishment of J-Ch pronunciation norms within some Zen sects which were different from the *kan-on*, referred to as *so-on* ('Song pronunciation'), (chinese char.), after the Song dynasty, 960-1279) or more commonly as *to-on* ('Tang pronunciation', (chinese char.)), which we use here. Note that *to* (chinese char.) was used in the sense of '(real) Chinese', ... , and that it does not refer to the Tang dynasty (618-907). (English)
12. century (late twelfth century)
Identifiers
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Wikipedia(18 entries)
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