Wikidata:WikiProject Performing arts/Typologies/tr
Genres of the Performing Arts
The overview table of the genres of the performing arts was originally generated based on an analysis of the categories used by the Swiss Theatre Collection and the categories that were already present on Wikidata. In the process, two classes (categories) were newly created. Further categories may be added if deemed necessary in the context of other data ingests.
Categories used by the Swiss Theatre Collection
The Swiss Theatre Collection distinguishes different genres of the performing arts; a list is provided below. In the case of the "Repertoire des Schauspielhauses", all productions belong to the genres "Sprechtheater" ("spoken theatre") or "Schauspiel mit Musik" ("drama with music").
- Ballett, Bühnentanz: concert dance (Q1020618)
- Figurentheater: puppetry (Q588750)
- Jugend-, Kindertheater: youth theatre (Q2416110)
- Kabarett, Kleinkunst, Chanson, Clownerie…: kleinkunst (Q1746926)
- Musical: musical (Q2743)
- Opera: opera (Q1344)
- Operette: operetta (Q170384)
- Pandomim: mime (Q39818)
- Rezitation, Rezital, Lesung…: recitation (Q1680700)
- Sprechtheater (Schauspiel, Drama…): spoken drama (Q39892385)
- Schauspiel mit Musik: drama with music (Q39894018)
Wikidata SPARQL queries – subclasses of dance, theatre, and musical performance
- Sub-classes of "dance": https://w.wiki/bwr
- Sub-classes of "concert dance": https://w.wiki/bwt
- Sub-classes of "theatre": https://w.wiki/bwu
- Sub-classes of "musical performance": https://w.wiki/bwv
- Sub-classes of "theatrical genre": https://w.wiki/bdQ
Overview table – Genres of the Performing Arts (Theatre and Concert Dance)
WDitem | genre1 | genre2 | genre3 | genre4 | classification_type | Remarks (discussion) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dance (Q11639) ![]() ![]() |
dans | n/a | Indicated here in order to provide some context to concert dance. | |||
concert dance (Q1020618) ![]() ![]() |
dans | concert dance | performing arts genre | Synonyms: performance dance, theatrical dance
Antonym: participation dance (Q7140430) | ||
ballet (Q41425) ![]() ![]() |
dance, theatre, music | concert dance | ballet | performing arts genre (work / performance) | ||
acro dance (Q2603192) ![]() ![]() |
dance, theatre | concert dance | acrobatic dance | performing arts genre | ||
theatre (Q11635) ![]() ![]() |
theatre | performing arts genre (work / performance) | ||||
spoken drama (Q39892385)<newly created> | theatre | drama | performing arts genre (work / performance) | de:Schauspiel, Sprechtheater; acting (Q222749) | ||
drama with music (Q39894018)<newly created> | theatre, music | drama | drama with music | performing arts genre (work / performance) | ||
musical theater (Q1370345) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre | performing arts genre (work / performance) | |||
opera (Q1344) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre |
opera | performing arts genre (work / performance) | ||
singspiel (Q377258) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre |
opera | singspiel | performing arts genre (work) | Should only be used in combination with works (and not in combination with performances or productions) |
opéra comique (Q785479) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre | opera | opéra comique | performing arts genre (work) | Should only be used in combination with works (and not in combination with performances or productions) |
operetta (Q170384) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre |
opera | operetta | performing arts genre (work / performance) |
|
semi-opera (Q2140240) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre | opera | semi-opera | performing arts genre (work) |
Should only be used in combination with works (and not in combination with performances or productions) |
musical (Q2743) ![]() ![]() |
theatre, music | music theatre |
müzikal | performing arts genre (work / performance) |
Is there a hard definition to distinguish between "opera" and "musical"? – In the Broadway database, "opera" seems at times to be considered a subclass of "musical". | |
puppetry (Q588750) ![]() ![]() |
theatre | puppetry | performing arts genre (work / performance) |
|||
kleinkunst (Q1746926) ![]() ![]() |
theatre | kleinkunst | performing arts genre | What relationship with estrada? | ||
cabaret (Q27976507) | theatre | kleinkunst | kabare | performing arts genre | Note that cabaret (Q131183) ![]() ![]() | |
Kabarett (Q16154635) | theatre | kleinkunst | kabare | satirical revue | performing arts genre | |
estrada (Q2472420) | theatre | estrada | performing arts genre | The Russian definition of "estrada" is very similar to the German definition of "Kleinkunst". – Should the two be merged? | ||
clownery (Q4224122) | theatre | estrada | clownery | performing arts genre | ||
vaudeville (Q186286) ![]() ![]() |
theatre | performing arts genre | ||||
mime (Q39818) ![]() ![]() |
theatre | performing arts genre | ||||
recitation (Q1680700) ![]() ![]() |
recitation | performing arts genre (performance) |
||||
musical performance (Q6942562) ![]() ![]() |
müzik | n/a | Musical performance and concert are just indicated here to provide some context with regard to the oratorio, which is a borderline case, as it is a concert with vocalists singing different character roles. | |||
concert (Q182832) ![]() ![]() |
müzik | konser | n/a | |||
oratorio (Q85477) | müzik | konser | oratorio | performing arts genre (work / performance) |
Note that the genre "oratorio" is by default a concert performance (see below). |
Types of Music Theater Performances
Music theater performances, such as musical or opera performances may be produced as fully staged, scenic performances (with acting, costumes, props and a set design), as semi-staged performances (with acting, but typically without set design and only with a limited number of props and costumes), or as concert performances (without acting and without costumes or set design – the vocalists are just singing their parts). Note that the oratorio (Q85477) as a genre is roughly equivalent to a concert performance of an opera – the main difference being that an opera as a work has originally been intended for fully staged, scenic performances, while an oratorio has not.
Type of Music Theater Performance | Definition | Domain | Property | Primary Type |
default (in case of a performance (Q35140) of the genre opera (Q1344) or musical (Q2743)) | Fully staged, scenic performance (with acting, costumes, props and a set design) | Performance | instance of (P31) | performance (Q35140) |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | n/a | n/a | ||
semi-staged performance (Q52239285) | semi-staged performance (with acting, but typically without set design and only with a limited number of props and costumes) | Performance | instance of (P31) | semi-staged performance (Q52239285) |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | has part(s) of the class (P2670) | semi-staged performance (Q52239285) | ||
concert performance (Q1486440) | concert performance (without acting and without costumes or set design – the vocalists are dressed up like in a concert and are singing their parts) | Performance | instance of (P31) | concert performance (Q1486440) |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | has part(s) of the class (P2670) | concert performance (Q1486440) |
Target Audience
There are some Wikipedia items referring to types of theatre defined by their target audience, such as youth theatre (Q2416110) or Theatre for Early Years (Q18394038)
. The use of these types to characterize theatre productions or performances is discouraged. The property intended public (P2360) should be used instead.
Performance Types
The performance types below were originally derived from the dataset "Repertoire des Schauspielhauses Zürich" and were double checked with the performance types employed in the database of the Swiss Theatre Collection. Further types may be added if deemed necessary for other data ingests.
Designation (de) | Designation (en) | Definition | Domain | Property | Primary Type | Qualifier (Scope) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uraufführung | world premiere | the very first performance of a dramatic, musical or choreographic work in its original expression | Performance | instance of (P31) | world premiere (Q2500107) (world premiere) | (none) |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | |||||
Erstaufführung (with reference to a language) | premiere (with reference to a language) | the first performance of a dramatic work in a given language | Performance | instance of (P31) | language premiere (Q40248002)(language premiere) | dil |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | |||||
Erstaufführung (with reference to a country) | premiere (with reference to an administrative territorial entity) | the first performance of a dramatic work in a given country | Performance | instance of (P31) | country premiere (Q40248880)(country premiere) | country |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | |||||
Erstaufführung (with reference to an administrative territorial entity smaller than a country) | premiere (with reference to an administrative territorial entity) | the first performance of a dramatic work in a given region, town, etc. | Performance | instance of (P31) | local premiere (Q40249084)(local premiere) | administrative territorial entity |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | |||||
Erstaufführung (without reference or with reference to a particular Expression); Uraufführung (with reference to a particular Expression) | world premiere (without reference or with reference to a particular Expression) | the very first performance of a particular adaptation or translation of a dramatic work | Performance | instance of (P31) | world premiere (Q40249348)(world premiere) | (none) |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | |||||
Neuinszenierung | new staging, new production | new staging of a stage production that has already been performed before in the same place (based on a different performance plan) | Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | new staging (Q40249579)(new staging) | n/a |
Wiederaufnahme | revival, revival production | restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed | Performance | instance of (P31) | revival (Q2568341) (revival) | n/a |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | (has premiere type) | |||||
Gastspiel | guest performance | representation(s) of a stage production by an artist or an artists' collective that is not attached to the given venue | Performance | instance of (P31) | guest performance (Q40249767) (guest performance) | n/a |
Series of Performances | has part(s) of the class (P2670) | |||||
Freilichtaufführung | outdoor performance | outdoor (stage) performance | Performance | instance of (P31) | outdoor performance (Q40249907)(outdoor performance) | n/a |
Performing Arts Production; Series of Performances | has part(s) of the class (P2670) | |||||
Schülervorstellung | stage performance especially targeted at schools, with a special introduction, special explanations, or other forms of mediation in order to facilitate the understanding of the performance by the pupils / students | Performance; Series of Performances |
instance of (P31) | special performance for pupils or students (Q40250279)(special performance for pupils or students) | n/a | |
Performing arts Production; Series of Performances | has part(s) of the class (P2670) | |||||
Matinee, Nachmittagsvorstellung | matinee; morning performance, afternoon performance | stage performance taking place in the morning or in the afternoon (as opposed to soiree, which takes place in the evening) | Performance | instance of (P31) | matinée (Q10772859) (matine) | n/a |
Occupations Typical of the Performing Arts
Note that the focus is on the occupations involved in the production of live events; for movies, music recording, broadcasting, video games, literature, etc. see the respective Wikidata projects. Occupations from adjacent fields that also include elements of live performance, such as strip dancing, wrestling, etc., have not been included. Teaching occupations, such as dancing master, have been excluded from the table as well.
The table below covers occupations that are referred to in Wikidata (as of October 2020); to retrieve them, the Thus, many of the items listed in the table may not only be defined as "occupation", but also as "position".queries below have been used:
- more than 100 times for types of performing artists
- more than 100 times for types of theatre professionals
- more than 500 times for types of writers
- more than 1000 times for types of musicians
A few further occupations have been added for the purpose of completeness.
Types of performing artists by number of instances
SELECT DISTINCT ?type
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?instance) AS ?count)
?Label_en
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType1_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes1_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType2_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes2_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType3_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes3_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType4_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes4_en)
WHERE {
?type wdt:P279* wd:Q713200.
OPTIONAL { ?instance wdt:P106 ?type }
OPTIONAL { ?type rdfs:label ?Label_en . FILTER (lang(?Label_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType1 . ?occupationType1 wdt:P279/^wdt:P279 wd:Q713200 . ?occupationType1 rdfs:label ?occupationType1_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType1_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType2 . ?occupationType2 wdt:P279 wd:Q713200 . ?occupationType2 rdfs:label ?occupationType2_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType2_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType3 . ?occupationType3 wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q713200 . ?occupationType3 rdfs:label ?occupationType3_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType3_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType4 . ?occupationType4 wdt:P279/wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q713200 . ?occupationType4 rdfs:label ?occupationType4_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType4_en) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?type #List all the variables for which the values are not concatenated!
?count
?Label_en
ORDER BY DESC(?count)
LIMIT 10000
Types of musicians by number of instances
SELECT DISTINCT ?type
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?instance) AS ?count)
?Label_en
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType1_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes1_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType2_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes2_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType3_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes3_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType4_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes4_en)
WHERE {
?type wdt:P279* wd:Q639669.
OPTIONAL { ?instance wdt:P106 ?type }
OPTIONAL { ?type rdfs:label ?Label_en . FILTER (lang(?Label_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType1 . ?occupationType1 wdt:P279/^wdt:P279 wd:Q639669 . ?occupationType1 rdfs:label ?occupationType1_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType1_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType2 . ?occupationType2 wdt:P279 wd:Q639669 . ?occupationType2 rdfs:label ?occupationType2_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType2_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType3 . ?occupationType3 wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q639669 . ?occupationType3 rdfs:label ?occupationType3_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType3_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType4 . ?occupationType4 wdt:P279/wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q639669 . ?occupationType4 rdfs:label ?occupationType4_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType4_en) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?type #List all the variables for which the values are not concatenated!
?count
?Label_en
ORDER BY DESC(?count)
LIMIT 10000
Types of writers by number of instances
SELECT DISTINCT ?type
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?instance) AS ?count)
?Label_en
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType1_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes1_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType2_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes2_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType3_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes3_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType4_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes4_en)
WHERE {
?type wdt:P279* wd:Q36180.
OPTIONAL { ?instance wdt:P106 ?type }
OPTIONAL { ?type rdfs:label ?Label_en . FILTER (lang(?Label_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType1 . ?occupationType1 wdt:P279/^wdt:P279 wd:Q36180 . ?occupationType1 rdfs:label ?occupationType1_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType1_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType2 . ?occupationType2 wdt:P279 wd:Q36180 . ?occupationType2 rdfs:label ?occupationType2_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType2_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType3 . ?occupationType3 wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q36180 . ?occupationType3 rdfs:label ?occupationType3_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType3_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType4 . ?occupationType4 wdt:P279/wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q36180 . ?occupationType4 rdfs:label ?occupationType4_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType4_en) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?type #List all the variables for which the values are not concatenated!
?count
?Label_en
ORDER BY DESC(?count)
LIMIT 100
Types of theatre professionals (theatrical occupations) by number of instances
SELECT DISTINCT ?type
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?instance) AS ?count)
?Label_en
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType1_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes1_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType2_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes2_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType3_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes3_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType4_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes4_en)
WHERE {
?type wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q15839299.
OPTIONAL { ?instance wdt:P106 ?type }
OPTIONAL { ?type rdfs:label ?Label_en . FILTER (lang(?Label_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType1 . ?occupationType1 wdt:P279/^wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType1 rdfs:label ?occupationType1_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType1_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType2 . ?occupationType2 wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType2 rdfs:label ?occupationType2_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType2_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType3 . ?occupationType3 wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType3 rdfs:label ?occupationType3_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType3_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType4 . ?occupationType4 wdt:P279/wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType4 rdfs:label ?occupationType4_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType4_en) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?type #List all the variables for which the values are not concatenated!
?count
?Label_en
ORDER BY DESC(?count)
LIMIT 10000
Types of theatre professionals (theatrical occupations) by number of instances (obsolete)
This query is pretty much obsolete; the data modelling has been corrected for most of the items. To be kept for housekeeping purposes.
SELECT DISTINCT ?type
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?instance) AS ?count)
?Label_en
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType1_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes1_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType2_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes2_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType3_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes3_en)
(group_concat(distinct ?occupationType4_en;separator="; ") as ?occupationTypes4_en)
WHERE {
?type wdt:P279* wd:Q15839299.
OPTIONAL { ?instance wdt:P106 ?type }
OPTIONAL { ?type rdfs:label ?Label_en . FILTER (lang(?Label_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType1 . ?occupationType1 wdt:P279/^wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType1 rdfs:label ?occupationType1_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType1_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType2 . ?occupationType2 wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType2 rdfs:label ?occupationType2_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType2_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType3 . ?occupationType3 wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType3 rdfs:label ?occupationType3_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType3_en) = "en") }
OPTIONAL { ?type wdt:P279+ ?occupationType4 . ?occupationType4 wdt:P279/wdt:P279/wdt:P279 wd:Q15839299 . ?occupationType4 rdfs:label ?occupationType4_en . FILTER (lang(?occupationType4_en) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?type #List all the variables for which the values are not concatenated!
?count
?Label_en
ORDER BY DESC(?count)
LIMIT 10000
Overview Table of Occupations Typical of the Performing Arts
Occupations, positions and roles are distinct work-related concepts, which can easily be confused:
- Occupations denote the kind of work usually performed by a person; they are typically defined by the set of skills and the education/training required for that kind of work;
- Positions refer to a specific employment/mandate relationship between a person and an organization;
- Roles denote contributions of persons to performing arts endeavours (works/productions or events).
Confusion between those concepts can be amplified by homonymy:
- “Stage director” can be both an occupation and a role within a production.
- “Conductor” can be all three: an occupation, a role in a performance, and a position within an orchestra.
Thus, many of the items listed in the table are not only defined as "occupation", but also as "position" (often rightly so, but sometimes the categorization may be disputed - as noted under "remarks").
Furthermore, two columns have been added to list equivalent properties that are used to refer to positions within organizations and to roles in productions/performances respectively.
The comments in the "Remarks" column should eventually translate into action points; see in this regard also the further discussion of data modelling issues.
WD item | meslek dalı | meslek dalı 1 | meslek dalı 2 | meslek dalı 3 | meslek dalı 4 | meslek dalı 5 | meslek dalı 6 | description (en) | de | en | nl | es | fr | it | ru | property (position) | property (role)* | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
artist (Q483501) | sanat | sanatçı | person who engages in any form of artistic creation or practice | Künstler / Künstlerin | artist | kunstenaar | artiste | artista | деятель искусств | - | ||||||||
visual artist (Q3391743) | görsel sanatlar | sanatçı | visual artist | artist involved with the visual arts | bildender Künstler / bildende Künstlerin | visual artist | beeldend kunstenaar | plasticien | artista plastico | деятель изобразительного искусства | - | It is not sure whether the visual artist belongs here. Some performing artists (performance artists) are defined as visual artists. Depending on the definition employed, this may not be correct. English Wikipedia: "The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art." The German, French, Italian, etc. equivalents of "visual arts" explicitely do not include the performing arts. | ||||||
performing artist (Q713200) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | artist who participates in performing arts in front of an audience: actors, comedians, dancers, magicians, circus artists, musicians, singers | Artist / Artistin | performing artist | uitvoerend kunstenaar | artiste de scène | artista performativo / artista performativa | исполнитель (?) | performer (P175) |
Furthermore, the German defintion of "Artist" / "darstellender Künstler" excludes musicians. The same goes for the French "artiste de scène". When looking at the Wikipedia articles that are linked to this item, there are clear mismatches due to the varying extensions of the terms: e.g. de:Artist and sr:Интерпретатор (музика) (music interpreter) are both subclasses of en:performing artist, but they are exclusive of each other. Proposal: Extend the class tree to match concepts properly. | ||||||
actor (Q33999) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | person who acts in a dramatic or comic production and works in film, television, theatre, or radio | Schauspieler / Schauspielerin | actor / actress | acteur | acteur / actrice | attore / attrice | актёр / актёрша | cast member (P161) | The way most definitions are worded, they refer rather to a role within a play / film and less so to a profession/occupation. | |||||
mime artist (Q674067) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | mime artist | someone who uses mime as a theatrical medium or in performance art | Pantomime | mime artist | pantomimespeler | mime | mimo / mima | мим | cast member (P161) | |||||
character actor (Q948329) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | character actor | actor who predominantly plays unusual or eccentric characters | karakteracteur | cast member (P161) | ||||||||||
impressionist (Q1148872) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | impressionist | performer whose act consists of imitating the voice and mannerisms of others | imitator | cast member (P161) | ||||||||||
comedian (Q245068) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | komedyen | person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh | Komiker / Komikerin | comedian | komiek | humoriste | comico / comica | комик | cast member (P161) | In the French definition, the meaning of "auteur de textes humoristiques" should be removed from the item (avoid polysemy). | ||||
stand-up comedian (Q18545066) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist; visual artist (?) |
actor; performance artist (?) |
komedyen;
- (?) |
stand-up comedian | comedian of stand-up comedy | stand-upcomedian | cast member (P161) | |||||||||
cabaret performer (Q15214752) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | komedyen | cabaret artist | performing artist specialized in cabaret | Kabarettist / Kabarettistin | cabaret artist | cabaretier | artiste de cabaret | cabarettista | артист кабаре / артистка кабаре | cast member (P161) | Most definitions contain the reference to "cabaret"; French doesn't, but refers to "personne qui joue dans des spectacles d'humour". Italian lists both. This is probably another case of polysemy that should be avoided. | |||
vedette (Q3178518) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist; musician |
actor; dancer |
komedyen | cabaret artist | vedette | female entertainer with multiple talents for singing, dancing, or acting | vedette | meneuse de revue | cast member (P161) | Some definitions (e.g. es, fr) rather refer to a role in a specific production than to an occupation. | ||||||
satirist (Q9334029) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | komedyen | satirist | author of satirical texts | satiricus | (definition needs clarification) | There is a mismatch between the definition/description (apparently across all the languages) and the position of the item within the class structure. This has to be corrected. The only directly linked WP article is in Polish and uses a broad definition of the term: "A satirist is an artist (more generally an artist) who deals with ridiculing reality or making fun of it. The main means of communication for satirists are: satirical poems or columns; monologues or cabaret sketches; songs; satirical drawings; others." (translated with DeepL) | ||||||||
stage actor (Q2259451) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | stage actor | actor who performs live before an in-person audience | toneelacteur | cast member (P161) | ||||||||||
puppeteer (Q2629392) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | stage actor | puppeteer | person who manipulates a puppet in real time to create the illusion of life | Puppenspieler / Puppenspielerin | puppeteer | poppenspeler | marionnettiste | burattinaio / burattinaia | кукольник / кукольница | performer (P175) | ||||
kabuki actor (Q48146261) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | stage actor | kabuki actor | kabuki-acteur | cast member (P161) | ||||||||||
musical theatre actor (Q1954956) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | stage actor | musical theatre actor | actor and singer performing in musical theatre | musicalacteur | cast member (P161) | The class structure does not reflect the fact that this occupation is at the intersection of stage actor and singer. According to the only Wikipedia article that is linked to this item (in German), the occupation would typically also include dance. | ||||||||
child actor (Q970153) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | aktör | child actor | child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television | jeugdacteur | cast member (P161) | ||||||||||
acrobat (Q11957145) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | akrobat | performer of acrobatics | Akrobat / Akrobatin | acrobat | acrobaat | acrobate | acrobata | акробат / акробатка | cast member (P161) | ||||||
dancer (Q5716684) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | dansçı | person who dances | Tänzer / Tänzerin | dancer | danser | danseur / danseuse | danzatore / danzatrice | танцор / танцовщица | cast member (P161) | Some definitions refer to a profession/occupation (sometimes without actually defining it); others follow the English example "person who dances", which is a much less specific term that does not designate a profession/occupation.
Several Wikipedia articles that are directly linked to the item stress the fact that a dancer is a person who dedicates themselves to the art of dance, be it professionally or as a hobby (es:"persona que se dedica al arte de bailar no solo profesionalmente, sino también como afición"). - This raises the issue of amateur occupations (pretty much all "professional" occupations can also be carried out as "amateur" occupations); what implications does this have for the definition of a "profession" / "occupation"? | |||||
ballet dancer (Q805221) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | dansçı | ballet dancer | person who practices the art of ballet | balletdanser | cast member (P161) | ||||||||||
ballerina (Q4070300) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | dansçı | ballet dancer | balerin | female principal dancer in a ballet company | ballerina | cast member (P161) | The English definition refers not to an occupation, but rather to the position of "prima ballerina". This is however not the case for most other languages.
This term has another particularity: There are some typically female professions for which some Wikipedias (in languages with gender-specific nouns) have a separate entry - as opposed to all other professions for which they would use the male form in its gender-neutral usage in the lemma. | ||||||||
performance artist (Q10774753) | performing arts; visual art |
sanatçı | performing artist; visual artist |
performance artist | person who practices performance art | Performancekünstler / Performancekünstlerin | performance artist | performancekunstenaar | performeur / performeuse | artista performativo / artista performativa | перформансист / перформансистка | performer (P175) | The definition of performance art (Q213156) has serious issues: In English, the term is defined as "artistic performance presented to an audience" (which would include any performance generally associated with the performing arts). The German definition, however, stresses the non-repetitive character of performance art (as opposed to the performing arts). - In order to be in line with the class structure here, that defines "performance artist" as subclass of both "performing artist" and "visual artist", the narrower definition should be applied.
As noted above, the term "visual artist" also has definition issues. In some languages the equivalent term refers to art forms that produce an object. Thus, those performance artists, who create an object as a result of their performance, could be considered "visual artists" also according to the German and French definitions. Those who don't would not be considered "visual artists" in that narrower sense of the term. It is therefore doubtful whether "performance art" should be generally subsumed under "visual art". | |||||
circus performer (Q17307272) | performing arts; visual art |
sanatçı | performing artist; visual artist |
performance artist | circus performer | Zirkusdarsteller / Zirkusdarstellerin | circus performer | circusartiest | artiste de cirque | circense | артист цирка / артистка цирка | performer (P175) | Not necessarily a "performance artist" in the narrow sense of the term. There are currently reasonable definitions only for Spanish and Portuguese. The Italian definition is wrong, and most of the other languages don't have proper definitions. | |||||
clown (Q7358) | performing arts; visual art |
sanatçı | performing artist; visual artist |
performance artist | circus performer | palyaço | a comic performer often for children's entertainment | Clown / Clownin | clown | clown | clown | paggliaccio / paggliaccia | клоун / клоунесса | performer (P175) | Not necessarily a "performance artist" in the narrow sense of the term. Not necessarily a "circus performer". Definitions vary across languages. Some describe a profession/occupation, other describe a particular character. Some stress the relation to circus (French, Spanish), others also mention theatre and estrada in addition to circus (Russian). The English and German definitions don't have references to particular genres of the performing arts. | |||
magician (Q15855449) | performing arts; visual art |
sanatçı | performing artist; illusionist; visual artist |
performance artist | sihirbaz | entertainer who performs magic by creating the illusion of impossible or supernatural feats | Zauberkünstler / Zauberkünstlerin | magician | goochelaar | magicien / magicienne | prestigiatore | фокусник / фокусница | performer (P175) | Not necessarily a "performance artist" in the narrow sense of the term. | ||||
drag queen (Q337084) | performing arts; visual art |
sanatçı | performing artist; visual artist |
performance artist | drag queen | person who dresses and acts with exaggerated femininity for performance purposes | dragqueen | performer (P175) | Not necessarily a "performance artist" in the narrow sense of the term. | |||||||||
street artist (Q2914170) | performing arts; visual art |
sanatçı | performing artist; visual artist |
sokak sanatçısı | artist performing in public places, for gratuities | straatartiest | performer (P175) | |||||||||||
entertainer (Q138858) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | entertainer | person using acting, singing, etc. to entertain an audience | entertainer | performer (P175) | |||||||||||
choreographer (Q2490358) | performing arts | artist; director | koreograf | person who creates choreographies | Choreograf / Choreografin | choreographer | choreograaf | choréographe | coreografo / coreografa | хореограф | choreographer (P1809) | |||||||
ballet master (Q805253) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | koreograf | ballet master | balletmeester | choreographer (P1809) | |||||||||||
répétiteur (Q1784753) | opera
dance |
artist | musician | pianist | répétiteur | accompanist or coach of ballet dancers or opera singers | Korrepetitor | répétiteur | Correpetitor | répétiteur | répétiteur | répétiteur | choreographer (P1809) | |||||
figure skating choreographer (Q55284884) | performing arts | sanatçı | performing artist | koreograf | figure skating choreographer | person who creates choreographies for figure skating | choreograaf in het kunstrijden | choreographer (P1809) | ||||||||||
conductor (Q158852) | performing arts; music |
artist; director |
performing artist; müzisyen; music director |
orkestra şefi | person who directs a musical group during a performance | Dirigent / Dirigentin | conductor | dirigent | chef d'orchestre / ... | direttore d'orchestra / direttrice d'orchestra | дирижёр / ? | musical conductor (P3300) | According to some | |||||
chapelmaster (Q215793) | performing arts; music |
artist; director |
performing artist; musician; music director |
orkestra şefi | kapellmeister | kapelmeester | musical conductor (P3300) | - | Doesn't designate an occupation, but rather a position. Varying definitions over time. | |||||||||
choir director (Q1076502) | performing arts; music |
artist; director |
performing artist; musician; music director |
orkestra şefi | choir director | person who directs a choir | koordirigent | choral conductor (P5024) | choral conductor (P5024) | |||||||||
bandleader (Q806349) | performing arts; music |
artist; director |
performing artist; musician; music director |
orkestra şefi | bandleader | leader of a band of musicians | orkestleider | - | Doesn't necessarily designate an occupation, but rather a position. According to some definitions a sub-class of "entrepreneur". | |||||||||
musician (Q639669) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | person who composes, conducts or performs music | Musiker / Musikerin | musician | muzikant | musicien / musicienne | musicista | музикант / музикантка | performer (P175); | |||||||
jazz musician (Q15981151) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | jazz musician | musician who plays jazz | jazzmuzikant | performer (P175) | |||||||||||
composer (Q36834) | müzik | artist; creator |
musician; author |
Besteci | musician who is an author of music in any form; person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition | Komponist / Komponistin | composer | componist | compositeur / compositrice | compositore / compositrice | композитор / композиторша | composer (P86) | ||||||
songwriter (Q753110) | music; writing |
artist; creator |
musician; author |
Besteci | şarkı yazarı | person who writes the words or music (or both) to songs | liedschrijver | composer (P86) ve/veya | ||||||||||
hymnwriter (Q13424456) | music; writing |
artist; creator |
musician; author |
composer; writer |
songwriter; lyricist; religious writer |
hymnwriter | person who writes words, or both words and music, for religious songs | hymne-schrijver | composer (P86) ve/veya | |||||||||
singer-songwriter (Q488205) | music; writing |
artist; creator |
musician; author |
composer; vocalist |
songwriter; singer |
singer-songwriter | a musician who writes, composes and sings their own material | singer-songwriter | performer (P175);
composer (P86) ve/veya |
|||||||||
music arranger (Q1643514) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | music arranger | musician who creates arrangements | arrangeur | adapted by (P5202) | |||||||||||
vocalist (Q2643890) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | vokalist | artist using their voice as an instrument | vocalist | performer (P175) | |||||||||||
singer (Q177220) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | vokalist | şarkıcı | person singing for a listening audience | Sänger / Sängerin | singer | zanger | chanteur / chanteuse | cantante | певец / певица | performer (P175); | |||||
rapper (Q2252262) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | vocalist; hip hop musician |
rapper | artist who speaks rhymes in a rhythm over music | rapper | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
opera singer (Q2865819) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | vocalist; classical musician |
şarkıcı;
- |
opera singer | singer who sings in operas | operazanger | performer (P175) | |||||||||
instrumentalist (Q1278335) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | person who plays a musical instrument | instrumentalist | performer (P175) | |||||||||||
pianist (Q486748) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | piyanist | musician who plays the piano | pianist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
guitarist (Q855091) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | gitarist | musician who plays the guitar | gitarist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
jazz guitarist (Q6168364) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist; jazz musician |
gitarist;
- |
jazz guitarist | guitarist who plays jazz | jazzgitarist | performer (P175) | |||||||||
violinist (Q1259917) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | kemancı | musician who plays the violin | violist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
organist (Q765778) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | organist | musician who plays any type of organ | organist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
drummer (Q386854) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | drummer | percussionist who creates and accompanies music using drums | drummer | performer (P175) | define as sub-class of "percussionist"? | |||||||||
saxophonist (Q12800682) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | saxophonist | musician who plays the saxophone | saxofonist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
cellist (Q13219637) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | cellist | musician who plays the cello | cellist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
trumpeter (Q12377274) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | trumpeter | musician who plays the trumpet | trompettist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
percussionist (Q4351403) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | percussionist | musician who plays percussion | slagwerker | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
bassist (Q584301) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | bassist | musician who plays a bass instrument | bassist | performer (P175) | In some languages, the definition is more restrictive, e.g. focusing only on the bass guitar (e.g. French). This should be corrected. The use of this item to designate an occupation might be questionnable given the fact that more specific items are available. en-WP: "A bassist, or bass player, is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar, synthbass, keyboard bass or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or sousaphone." | |||||||||
clarinetist (Q118865) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | instrumentalist | clarinetist | musician who plays the clarinet | klarinettist | performer (P175) | ||||||||||
disc jockey (Q130857) | müzik | sanatçı | müzisyen | disk jockey | person who plays recorded music for an audience | diskjockey | - | |||||||||||
creator (Q2500638) | (creativity) | creator | person who does creative work | Urheber | creator | maker | créateur / créatrice | creatore / creatrice | создатель | creator (P170) | "creativity" as field of occupation may be questionable. In many languages there is a definition that stresses the creation of a work; the English and the Russian definitions focus on the process without mentioning the result. Maybe better: "originator of a creative work" | |||||||
author (Q482980) | writing | creator | author | author or intellectual author of a linguistic work | Autor / Autorin | author | auteur | auteur / ... | autore | автор / авторша | author (P50) | Several Romance languages (Italian, Spanish, French, Catalan, Asturian, Galician, Brazilian Portuguese) use a definition that is not limited to the creation of linguistic works (and would therefore be co-extensive with "creator", which seems problematic). Most other languages limit the creatorshiop of an author to linguistic or written works. | ||||||
writer (Q36180) | writing | creator | author | writer | person who uses written words to communicate ideas and to produce works of literature | Schriftsteller / Schriftstellerin | writer | schrijver | écrivain | scrittore | писатель | author (P50) | ||||||
poet (Q49757) | writing | creator | author | writer | şair | person who writes poetry | dichter | author (P50) | ||||||||||
playwright (Q214917) | writing | creator | author | writer | playwright | person who writes plays | Dramatiker / Dramatikerin | playwright | toneelschrijver | dramaturge (?) | drammaturgo | драматург (?) | author (P50) | |||||
dramaturge (Q487596) | writing | creator | author | writer | dramaturge | person fulfilling an advisory role regarding the literary or dramaturgical aspects of theatre, opera or dance productions or within a theatre, opera or dance organization | dramaturg | dramaturge (P6086) | ||||||||||
lyricist (Q822146) | writing | creator | author | writer | lyricist | writer who specializes in writing song lyrics | liedtekstschrijver | lyricist (P676) | ||||||||||
librettist (Q8178443) | writing | creator | author | writer | librettist | author of the libretto (words) of an opera or a similar extended musical composition | librettist | librettist (P87) | ||||||||||
translator (Q333634) | writing | creator | author | writer | çevirmen | person who translates written text from one language to another | vertaler | translator (P655) | The definitions in some languages don't specifiy that translator (Q333634) focuses on written texts, as opposed to interpreter (Q11085831). Both are sub-classes of translator-interpreter (Q1790480). The definitions should be sharpened in several languages. | |||||||||
critic (Q6430706) | writing | creator | author | writer | critic | professional who makes a living communicating their opinions and assessments of various forms of creative work | criticus | - | In most languages, the definition limits the field of criticism to creative works; not the German definition though, which is much more general. | |||||||||
music critic (Q1350157) | writing | creator | author | writer | critic | music critic | person who writes reviews about music performances or recordings | muziekcriticus | - | |||||||||
theatre critic (Q17337766) | writing | creator | author | writer | critic | theatre critic | person who writes reviews about theatre performances | theatercriticus | - | |||||||||
manager (Q2462658) | management; organizational leadership |
manager | person whose job is to manage something | manager | - | "manager" does have a series of superclasses: "leader of organization", "leader" (subclass of "person"), "executive" (subclass of "professional", which in turn is a subclass of "human"). The German definition stresses the fact that a "manager" is an employee; this is not the case in several other languages. | ||||||||||||
director (Q3455803) | (sanatlar) | sanatçı;
manager |
director (regisseur) | director of a creative work | Regisseur / Regisseurin | director (?) | regisseur | metteur en scène (?) / metteuse en scène | regista | режиссёр / режиссёрка | director (P57) | |||||||
assistant director (Q1757008) | (sanatlar) | artist; manager |
director (regisseur) | assistant director | assistant stage director of a performing arts, film or television production | eerste regieassistent | assistant director (P5126) | Doesn't necessarily designate an occupation, but rather a role. | ||||||||||
art director (Q706364) | (sanatlar) | artist; manager |
director (regisseur) | sanat yönetmeni | person responsible for leading teams in the artistic design and production of various kinds of visual art works | Artdirector | art director | artdirector | directeur artistique / directrice artistique | direttore artistico / direttrice artistica | арт-директор / ? | art director (P3174) | en-WP: "Art director is the title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, film and television, the Internet, and video games.…" - In several languages, narrower definitions are being used, but they can be mutually exclusive, which is problematic. | |||||
theatrical director (Q3387717) | theatre | artist; manager |
director (regisseur) | theater director | person overseeing the mounting of a theatre production | Bühnenregisseur / Bühnenregisseurin | theater director | toneelregisseur | metteur en scène (?) / metteuse en scène | regista teatrale | театральный режиссёр / театральная режиссёрка | director (P57) | ||||||
opera director (Q28054786) | theatre | artist; manager |
director (regisseur) | theater director | opera director | creative director in charge of staging an opera | operaregisseur | director (P57) | ||||||||||
artistic director (Q1797162) | theatre | artist; manager |
director (regisseur) | artistic director | artistic leader of a cultural institution | Künstlerischer Leiter / Künstlerische Leiterin | artistic director | artistiek directeur | directeur artistique / directrice artistique | direttore artistico / direttrice artistica | художественный руководитель / художественная руководительница | artistic director (P8938) | - | |||||
music director (Q1198887) | müzik | yönetmen | music director | director of music, for an orchestra, film, radio station, etc. | muziekdirecteur | musical conductor (P3300) | musical conductor (P3300) | Should probably also be assigned the superclass of artist. en-WP: "A music(al) director or director of music is the person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization. This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band, the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school, the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution" | ||||||||||
artistic director (music) (Q4801269) | müzik | yönetmen | music director | artistic director | person who directs a musical ensemble | musical conductor (P3300) | en-WP: "The typical jobs of a musical artistic director are to choose repertoire for the ensemble, come up with an artistic vision for the group and also a long-term strategy for programming, and also to help choose performers if the ensemble is not pre-set. An artistic director may also be—and often is—the conductor of the ensemble and a "jack of all trades", performing multiple roles and even managing the ensemble, although that role is often left to a Managing Director if financial resources are available. A musical artistic director essentially mirrors a theatrical artistic director, albeit working in a different medium." | |||||||||||
theatre manager (Q1776724) | theatre | manager; director |
theatre manager | person who manages a theatre | Theaterleiter / Theaterleiterin | theatre manager | theatermanager | directeur de théâtre (?) | direttore teatrale | директор театра (?) / | - | |||||||
stage manager (Q64825422) | theatre | manager | stage manager | person in charge of a theatre stage, equipment, scenery, etc during the rehearsals and performances of a play | Inspizient / Inspizientin | stage manager | stage manager | régisseur général / ... | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | |||||||||
impresario (Q943995) | theatre | artist; manager; director |
theatre manager; director (regisseur) |
artistic director | impresario | organizer of theatrical or musical performances | impresario | organizer (P664) | also sub-class of theatrical producer? en-WP: "An impresario (from the Italian impresa, "an enterprise or undertaking") is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer." | |||||||||
talent manager (Q1320883) | theatre | artist; manager; director |
theatre manager; director (regisseur) |
artistic director | impresario | talent manager | person who guides the career of an artist | artiestenmanager | - | The definition as sub-class of "impresario" seems to be wrong. In some languages, the definition also includes companies. This should be corrected. If an item is needed for talent manager (type of company), a separate item should be created. | ||||||||
scenographer (Q2707485) | theatre; filmmaking |
creator | designer; dekoratör |
scenographer | person who develops the appearance of a stage design or a TV or movie set | Bühnenbilder / Bühnenbildnerin | scenographer | scenograaf | scénographe | scenografo / scenografa | сценограф | scenographer (P4608) | ||||||
theatre designer (Q26869657) | theatre | sanatçı | visual artist | dekoratör | theatre designer | person who designs the visual environment of the stage in a play or opera | theatre designer | decorontwerper | décorateur de théâtre / décoratrice de théâtre | театральный дизайнер / театральная дизайнерша | production designer (P2554) | |||||||
tailor (Q242468) | tailoring | creator | fashion person; textile worker |
terzi | person who makes, repairs, or alters clothing professionally | Schneider / Schneiderin | tailor | kleermaker | tailleur / tailleuse | sarto / sarta | портной / портниха | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | ||||||
costume designer (Q1323191) | theatre | creator | fashion person; textile worker |
terzi | costume designer | person who designs costumes for a film, stage production or television show | Kostümbildner / Kostümbildnerin | costume designer | kostuumontwerper | costumier / costumière | costumista | художник по костюмам / художница по костюмам | costume designer (P2515) | Is the costume designer always a tailor? - See for example the costume designs by Golovin for the Masquerade (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Masquerade_by_Golovin) | ||||
puppet maker (Q67138053) | craft | creator; tradesperson |
artisan | puppet maker | artisan who creates puppets | Puppenbauer / Puppenbauerin | puppet maker | facteur de marionnettes | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | Tradesperson is also a subclass of worker; and there are modelling issues related to this class (cf. comment regarding hairdresser) | ||||||||
make-up artist (Q935666) | theatre | creator | fashion person | make-up artist | artist whose medium is the human body | Maskenbildner / Maskenbildnerin | make-up artist | visagist | maquilleur / maquilleuse | truccatore / truccatrice | визажист / визажистка | make-up artist (P4805) | ||||||
hairdresser (Q55187) | hairdressing | creator; manual worker* |
fashion person; manual worker* |
kuaför | person whose occupation is to cut or style hair | Friseur / Friseuse | hairdresser | kapper | coiffeur / coiffeuse | parrucchiere | парикмахер / парикмахерша | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | There are some modelling issues related to the classes of manual worker / blue-collar worker (circular relationships, mix-up between occupation and type of employment) | |||||
lighting designer (Q1823479) | theatre | creator | designer | lighting designer | person responsible for lighting on a stage | Lichtgestalter / Lichtgestalterin | lighting designer | lichtontwerper | éclairagiste | художник по свету / художница по свету | lighting designer (P5026) | |||||||
sound designer (Q3024424) | theatre | creator | designer | sound designer | someone who works in the field of sound design | geluidsontwerper | sound designer (P5028) | |||||||||||
video designer | theatre | creator | designer | video designer | someone who works in the field of video design | video designer (P5880) | Occupation item needs to be created. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_design | |||||||||||
projection designer | theatre | creator | designer | projection designer | person responsible for producing the moving and still images that are displayed during a live performance | projection designer (P5881) | Occupation item needs to be created. | |||||||||||
stagehand (Q2328828) | theatre | stagehand | person who works backstage at a performance | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | ||||||||||||||
theatrical technician (Q1020621) | performing arts | stagehand; technician |
theatrical technician | person who operates technical equipment and systems in the performing arts and entertainment industry | Bühnentechniker / Bühnentechnikerin | theatrical technician | theatertechnicus | technicien de théâtre / technicienne de théâtre | scenotecnico / scenotecnica | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | ||||||||
property master (Q1430377) | theatre | stagehand; technician |
theatrical technician | property master | person who is responsible for purchasing, acquiring, manufacturing, properly placing, and/or overseeing any props needed for a film, television or theatrical production | rekwisiteur | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | |||||||||||
fly crew (Q5463244) | fly crew (?) | cintrier / ... | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | This one is a collective in English and an individual professional in French; the items probably need to be split. | ||||||||||||||
dresser (Q5307082) | theatre | dresser | theater professional responsible for assisting cast members with costumes | dresser | habilleur / habilleuse | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | ||||||||||||
prompter (Q1126281) | theatre | prompter | person in theatre or opera who prompts or cues actors or singers when they forget their lines or movements | Soffleur / Souffleuse | prompter | souffleur | souffleur / souffleuse | suggeritore | суфлёр / суфлёрша | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | English Wikipedia has two entries for prompoter - one for theatre and one for opera, see: prompter (Q28454909) Should the prompter be assigned to a specific superclass of occupations? | |||||||
animal trainer (Q8011071) | human-animal relationships | animal attendant | animal trainer | person who trains animals | Tiertrainer / Tiertrainerin | animal trainer | dierentrainer | dresseur / dresseuse | ammaestratore / ammaestratrice | дрессировщик / дрессировщица | contributor to the creative work or subject (P767) | |||||||
theatrical producer (Q1759246) | performing arts; entrepreneurship |
sanatçı;
yapımcı |
theatrical producer | person who oversees the staging of theatre productions | Theaterproduzent / Theaterproduzentin | theatrical producer | theaterproducent | producteur de théâtre / productrice de théâtre | produttore teatrale / produttrice teatrale | театральный продюсер /
театральная продюсерша |
producer (P162) | "producer" is a subclass of "enterpreneur", i.e. an "individual who organizes and operates a business, taking on financial risk to do so." |
Notes on occupations
Work-related information can and should sometimes be modelled with properties other than occupation (P106). These other work properties can be used as a main statement or can be stated as a qualifier to the occupation statement. This being said, properties used as main statements are easier to query and enable better data reuse.
- Use instrument (P1303) to further specify instruments played by a musician (Q639669) (note: voice (Q17172850) is a musical instrument).
- Use voice type (P412) to further specify a singer's voice type.
- Use field of work (P101) to further specify areas of specialization of a performing artist (Q713200) (for example, the circus skill (Q4990963) practiced by a circus performer (Q17307272) or the type of dance (Q107357104) practiced by a dancer (Q5716684)).
- In a performing arts production (Q43099500) item, use an object of statement has role (P3831) qualifier to further specify cast members, performers, or contributors.
- In a performing arts production (Q43099500) item, use a character role (P453) qualifier to indicate the role played by a cast member.
Voice Types and Fach
There are two WD properties to indicate the voice type of opera singers and operatic roles: voice type (P412) and its sub-property Fach (P1731). While the seven basic voice types (soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass) mainly refer to the vocal range and the gender, the German Fach system is a method for classifying opera singers (and operatic roles) according to the range, weight, and color of the (required) voice. While the Fach system is largely aligned with the seven basic voice types, it comprises more specific types which sometimes make reference to the type of role corresponding to the type (e.g. buffo, character role, etc.).
In order to maximize consistency and to avoid keeping a lot of redundant information, the basic voice types are indicated using the voice type (P412) property. Where more specific information is available (Fach or similar), it is indicated by means of the Fach (P1731) property. Furthermore, the ontology is designed in a way to ensure that each instance of Fach (Q1748957) is defined as a sub-class of one of the basic voice types. Thereby, it is possible that the basic voice types typically associated with female voices may have sub-classes associated with male voices (e.g. the Fächer "sopranist", "boy soprano", and "soprano castrato" are all sub-classes of the female voice type "soprano"). Note that voice type indications such as "boy soprano" or "soprano castrato" are also treated as "Fächer", even though they are not necessarily part of modern "Fach" systems. Up until the 19th century, many opera parts were originally written for castrato voices, but are today either transposed or performed by female singers. In these cases, the original Fach indication mainly serves a historical purpose.
Note that in some languages (e.g. in English) a slightly different, but overlapping terminology is used for choral voices, while in other languages (e.g. in German), the same terminology is used. This poses a problem when it comes to mapping the different terms across languages as the erroneous mappings of contralto (Q37137) illustrate (e.g. en:contralto = de:Kontra-Alt, which is wrong).
The table below gives an overview of voice types and Fächer as well as their designations in various languages.
WD item | Voice type | Fach | gender | de | en | es | fr | it | ru | Yorumlar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
soprano (Q30903) | soprano | - | kadın | Sopran | soprano | soprano | soprano | soprano | сопрано | |
coloratura soprano (Q58192) | soprano | coloratura soprano | kadın | Koloratursopran | coloratura soprano, coloratura-soprano | soprano de coloratura | soprano colorature | soprano di coloratura, soprano d'agilità | колоратурное сопрано | |
light coloratura soprano (Q53828775) | soprano | -- light coloratura soprano | kadın | leichter Koloratursopran | light coloratura soprano | soprano de coloratura ligera | soprano léger colorature | soprano leggero di coloratura, soprano leggero d'agilità | лёгкое колоратурное сопрано | |
light soprano (Q3822738) | soprano | light soprano | kadın | leichter Sopran | light soprano | soprano ligera | soprano léger | soprano leggero | лёгкое сопрано | |
Soubrette (Q836983) | soprano | soubrette | kadın | Soubrette, Spielsopran | soubrette, acting soprano | soprano soubrette | soubrette | soprano soubrette | cубре́тка | |
coloratura soubrette (Q53828788) | soprano | -- coloratura soubrette | kadın | Koloratursoubrette | coloratura soubrette | soubrette colorature | ||||
soprano | -- German soubrette | kadın | deutsche Soubrette | German soubrette | soubrette allemande | |||||
soprano | -- | kadın | romanisch-französische Soubrette | |||||||
Soubrette (Q53828789) | soprano | character soprano | kadın | Charaktersopran | character soprano | soprano de caractère | ||||
lyric soprano (Q1401208) | soprano | lyric soprano | kadın | lyrischer Sopran | lyric soprano, soprano lirico, high lyric soprano, high soprano | soprano lyrique | soprano lirico | лирическое сопрано | ||
lyric coloratura soprano (Q37952097) | soprano | -- lyric coloratura soprano | kadın | lyrischer Koloratursopran | lyric coloratura soprano, high coloratura soprano | soprano lyrique colorature | soprano lirico di coloratura | лирико-колоратурное сопрано | ||
light-lyric soprano (Q3964990) | soprano | -- light lyric soprano | kadın | leichter lyrischer Sopran | light lyric soprano, light high soprano | soprano lírica legera | soprano lyrique léger | soprano lirico-leggero | лёгкое лирическое сопрано | |
spinto soprano (Q2327598) | soprano | -- lirico-spinto soprano | kadın | jugendlich dramatischer Sopran, lyrisch-dramatischer Sopran, Spintosopran | lirico-spinto soprano, lyric dramatic soprano, spinto soprano,
spinto lyric soprano |
soprano lirico spinto | soprano lirico-spinto | лирико-драматическое сопрано | ||
dramatic soprano (Q2164335) | soprano | dramatic soprano | kadın | dramatischer Sopran | dramatic soprano, full dramatic soprano, spinto soprano | soprano dramática | soprano dramatique | soprano drammatico | драматическое сопрано | |
dramatic coloratura soprano (Q53828951) | soprano | -- dramatic coloratura soprano | kadın | dramatischer Koloratursopran | dramatic coloratura soprano | soprano de coloratura dramática | soprano colorature dramatique | soprano di coloratura drammatico | драматическое колоратурное сопрано | |
Wagnerian soprano (Q3964989) | soprano | Wagnerian soprano | kadın | hochdramatischer Sopran | heroic soprano, Wagnerian soprano, high dramatic soprano | soprano wagnérien | soprano wagneriano, soprano drammatico tedesco, soprano di Wagner | |||
soprano Falcon (Q3964985) | soprano | Falcon soprano | kadın | Falcon-Sopran | Falcon soprano, falcon soprano, falcon | soprano Falcon | ||||
sopranist (Q1999862) | soprano | sopranist | erkek | Männersopran | sopranist,
sopranista, male soprano |
sopranista | sopraniste | sopranista | definitions need cleaning up | |
soprano falsettist (Q53829462) | soprano | soprano falsettist | erkek | Sopran-Falsettist | soprano falsettist | falsettista sopranista | falsettiste sopraniste | falsettisto sopranista | ||
child soprano (Q53829839) | soprano | child soprano | - | Kindersopran | treble | soprano d'enfant | детское сопрано | |||
boy soprano (Q1376492) | soprano | -- boy soprano | (erkek) | Knabensopran, Jungensopran | boy soprano, boy treble, treble | soprano de garçon | мальчиковое сопрано | |||
girl soprano (Q53830131) | soprano | -- girl soprano | (kadın) | Mädchensopran | girl soprano | |||||
soprano castrato (Q53830255) | soprano | soprano castrato | (erkek) | Kastratensopran, Kastraten-Sopran, Soprankastrat, Sopran-Kastrat | soprano castrato | castrat soprano | castrato sopranista | кастрат-сопрано, кастрат сопрано | ||
mezzo-soprano (Q186506) | mezzo-soprano | - | kadın | Mezzosopran | mezzo-soprano, mezzo | mezzosoprano, mesosoprano | mezzo-soprano | mezzosoprano | меццо-сопрано | |
coloratura mezzo-soprano (Q54634572) | mezzo-soprano | coloratura mezzo-soprano | kadın | Koloratur-Mezzosopran | coloratura mezzo-soprano | mezzo-soprano colorature | колоратурное меццо-сопрано | |||
light mezzo-soprano (Q54634726) | mezzo-soprano | ight mezzo-soprano | kadın | leichter Mezzosopran | light mezzo-soprano | mezzosoprano ligera | mezzo-soprano léger, mezzo-soprano dugazon | mezzoroprano leggero,
mezzosoprano acuto |
||
lyric mezzo-soprano (Q1878954) | mezzo-soprano | lyric mezzo-soprano | kadın | lyrischer Mezzosopran | lyric mezzo-soprano | mezzosoprano lírica | mezzo-soprano lyrique | mezzosoprano lirico, mezzosoprano centrale | лирическое меццо-сопрано | |
character mezzo-soprano (Q54634862) | mezzo-soprano | character mezzo-soprano | kadın | Charakter-Mezzosopran | character mezzo-soprano | mezzo-soprano de caractère | ||||
dramatic mezzo-soprano (Q6012297) | mezzo-soprano | dramatic mezzo-soprano | kadın | dramatischer Mezzosopran | dramatic mezzo soprano | mezzosoprano dramática | mezzo-soprano dramatique | mezzosoprano drammatico, mezzosoprano grave | драматическое меццо-сопрано | |
mezzo-soprano castrato (Q54634945) | mezzo-soprano | mezzo-soprano castrato | (erkek) | Kastraten-Mezzosopran | mezzo-soprano castrato | castrat mezzo-soprano | кастрат меццо-сопрано | |||
alto (Q54634991) | alto | - | - | Alt, Altus | alto | alto | alto | alto | альт | 1. voice with a vocal range corresponding to contralto and countertenor |
alto (Q6983813) | alto | - | kadın | Alt | alto | alto | 2. female choral voice | |||
boy alto (Q53395277) | alto | boy alto | (erkek) | Knabenalt | boy alto, boy contralto | |||||
alto castrato (Q53395016)) | alto | alto castrato | (mal) | Kastraten-Alt, Alt-Kastrat | alto castrato, contralto castrato | castrat contraltiste | кастрат-альт | |||
contralto (Q37137)) | contralto | - | kadın | Alt | contralto | contralto | contralto | contralto | контральто | |
coloratura contralto (Q54635184) | contralto | coloratura contralto | kadın | Koloraturalt | coloratura contralto | contralto de coloratura | contralto colorature | колоратурный альт | ||
lyric contralto (Q54635214) | contralto | lyric contralto | kadın | lyrischer Alt | lyric contralto, lyric alto | contralto lyrique | ||||
acting alto (Q5785182) | contralto | acting alto | kadın | Spielalt, komischer Alt | acting alto, comic contralto, light contralto | contralto cómica, contralto buffa | alto bouffe | |||
dramatic contralto (Q54635298) | contralto | dramatic contralto | kadın | dramatischer Alt | dramatic contralto, dramatic alto | contralto dramática | contralto dramatique | |||
deep contralto (Q54635335) | contralto | deep contralto | kadın | Kontra-Alt, Kontraalt, tiefer Alt | deep contralto, low contralto, low alto | |||||
contratenor (Q223166)) | countertenor | - | erkek | Kontratenor,
Kontertenor, Countertenor, Altus, Männeralt |
countertenor,
counter-tenor, contratenor, |
contratenor | contreténor | controtenore | контратенор | |
tenor (Q27914)) | tenor | - | erkek | Tenor | tenor | tenor | ténor | tenore | тенор | |
Tenore contraltino (Q3983766) | tenor | tenor contraltino | erkek | Haute-Contre, Altino | tenore contraltino, tenor contraltino, tenor altino, haute-contre, very high tenor | haute-contre | tenore contraltino | тенор-альтино | ||
coloratura tenor (Q54635368) | tenor | coloratura tenor | erkek | Koloraturtenor | coloratura tenor | ténor colorature | ||||
light tenor (Q54635391) | tenor | light tenor | erkek | leichter Tenor | light tenor, high tenor, high light tenor | ténor léger | tenore leggiero | легкий тенор | ||
tenore di grazia (Q1471878) | tenor | tenore di grazia | erkek | Tenore di grazia, leichter Tenor mit Koloratur | tenore di grazia | tenore di grazia | тенор «ди-грация» | |||
lyric tenor (Q359282)) | tenor | lyric tenor | erkek | lyrischer Tenor | lyric tenor | tenor lírico | tenore lirico | лирический тенор | ||
buffo tenor (Q359278) | tenor | buffo tenor | erkek | Spieltenor, Tenorbuffo | acting tenor, comic tenor, tenore buffo,
high buffo tenor |
tenore buffo | ||||
spinto tenor (Q54635582) | tenor | spinto tenor | erkek | jugendlich-dramatischer Tenor, jugendlicher Heldentenor | young dramatic tenor, spinto tenor, lirico-spinto tenor | лирико-драматический тенор | ||||
character tenor (Q1062991) | tenor | character tenor | erkek | Charaktertenor | character tenor, character-tenor | ténor de caractère | ||||
Heldentenor (Q1601762)) | tenor | heldentenor | erkek | Heldentenor | heroic tenor, heavy dramatic tenor, dramatic tenor, low tenor | драматический тенор | ||||
tenor Trial (Q54635669) | tenor | tenor Trial | erkek | Trial-Tenor | tenor Trial, tenor trial | |||||
baritenor (Q2338646) | baritenor | - | erkek | Baritenor | baritenor | баритональный тенор | ||||
bariton (Q31687) | bariton | - | erkek | Bariton | baritone | barítono | baryton | baritono | баритон | |
Verdi baritone (Q54635681) | bariton | Verdi baritone | erkek | Verdi-Bariton | Verdi baritone | barítono verdiano | baryton Verdi | baritono verdiano | ||
baryton-Martin (Q21478751) | bariton | light baritone | erkek | leichter Bariton, Bariton Martin | light baritone, baryton Martin | barítono ligero | baryton léger, baryton Martin | baritono leggero, baritono chiaro, baryton-martin | тенор-баритон | |
lyric baritone (Q54635717) | bariton | lyric baritone | erkek | lyrischer Bariton | lyric baritone, high baritone | barítono lírico | baryton lyrique | baritono lirico, baritono cantabile | лирический баритон | |
acting baritone (Q54635751) | bariton | acting baritone | erkek | Spielbariton | acting baritone | |||||
Kavalierbariton (Q54635784) | bariton | Kavalierbariton | erkek | Kavalierbariton | Kavalierbariton, cavalier baritone | baritono lirico-drammatico, baritono spinto | лирико-драматический баритон | |||
baryton-noble (Q19740895) | bariton | baryton-noble | erkek | nobler Bariton | baryton-noble | baryton noble | ||||
dramatic baritone (Q8243257) | bariton | dramatic baritone | erkek | dramatischer Bariton | dramatic baritone, low baritone | barítono dramático | baryton dramatique | baritono drammatico | драматический баритон | |
character baritone (Q1062931) | bariton | character baritone | erkek | Charakterbariton | character baritone | baryton de caractère | ||||
buffo baritone (Q5721499) | bariton | buffo baritone | erkek | Baritonbuffo | buffo baritone | barítono buffo | ||||
Heldenbaritone (Q1601737) | bariton | heldenbaritone | erkek | Heldenbariton | Heldenbaritone, heroic baritone | |||||
bass-baritone (Q810480) | bass-baritone | - | erkek | Bassbariton | bass-baritone, bass baritone, deep baritone | bajo-barítono | baryton-basse, taille, haute-taille | basso-baritono | бас-баритон,
баритональный бас |
intermediate voice type |
lyric bass-baritone (Q54635842) | bass-baritone | lyric bass-baritone | erkek | lyrischer Bassbariton | lyric bass-baritone | |||||
dramatic bass-baritone (Q54635897) | bass-baritone | dramatic bass-baritone | erkek | dramatischer Bassbariton | dramatic bass-baritone | |||||
bass (Q27911) | bass | - | erkek | Bass | bass | bajo | basse | basso | бас | |
high bass (Q54636007) | bass | high bass | erkek | hoher Bass | high bass | высокий бас | ||||
lyric high bass (Q3636053) | bass | lyric high bass | erkek | Basso cantante, lyrischer hoher Bass | basso cantante, basse chantante, lyric high bass | bajo cantante, bajo ligero | basse chantante, basse-taille | basso cantante, basso-cantante | бас-кантанте | |
dramatic high bass (Q54636036) | bass | dramatic high bass | erkek | dramatischer hoher Bass | dramatic high bass | |||||
serious bass (Q54636068) | bass | serious bass | erkek | seriöser Bass | serious bass | |||||
buffo bass (Q1002146) | bass | buffo bass | erkek | Bassbuffo, Spielbass | buffo bass, basso buffo, acting bass, comic bass | bajo buffo | basse bouffe | basso buffo, basso leggero | комический бас бас-буффо | |
character bass (Q20638448) | bass | character bass | erkek | Chrakterbass | character bass | bajo caractère | характерный бас | |||
basso profondo (Q2532487) | bass | basso profondo | erkek | dramatischer Basso Profondo, schwarzer Bass | basso profondo, basso profundo, low bass, deep bass | bajo profundo | basse profonde, basse noble, basse Nivette, basse-contre | basso profondo | бас-профундо, низкий бас, глубокий бас | |
heavy acting bass (Q54636271) | bass | heavy acting bass | erkek | Schwerer Spielbass, Schwerer Bassbuffo | heavy acting bass, heavy comic bass | |||||
octavist (Q7082656) | bass | octavist | erkek | Oktavist | octavist | октавист |
Collectives
WDitem | Voice Indication | de | en | es | fr | it | ru | Yorumlar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
choir (Q131186) | koro | Chor | chorus | |||||
n/a | opera chorus | Opernchor | opera chorus | use choir (Q131186) | ||||
n/a | voller Chor | use choir (Q131186) | ||||||
chamber choir (Q1723154) | chamber choir | Kammerchor | chamber choir | |||||
n/a | Chor auf der Bühne | use choir (Q131186) in combination with role (Q1707847) | ||||||
n/a | Chor hinter der Szene | use choir (Q131186) in combination with offstage role (Q54288259) | ||||||
mixed choir (Q3276909) | mixed chorus | gemischter Chor | mixed chorus | |||||
men's chorus (Q1684352) | men's chorus | Männerchor | men's chorus, male chorus | |||||
n/a | kleiner Männerchor | use men's chorus (Q1684352) | ||||||
women's chorus (Q1451652) | female choir | Frauenchor, Mädchenchor | female choir | |||||
youth choir (Q591250) | youth choir | Jugendchor | ||||||
children's choir (Q1753063) | children's choir | Kinderchor | children's choir | |||||
boys' choir (Q1776834) | boys' choir | Knabenchor | ||||||
girls' choir (Q53869202) | girls choir | Mädchenchor | ||||||
Q54290445 | Sprechchor |
See also: einstimmiger, zweistimmiger, dreistimmiger etc. Chor; 16 Sänger, 24 Kinder, etc.;
Further Voice or Role Indications
WDitem | Role or Voice Indication | de | en | es | fr | it | ru | Yorumlar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
female singing voice (Q54285818) | female singing voice | Frauenstimme | female singing voice, female voice, female singer | |||||
male singing voice (Q54285279) | male singing voice | Männerstimme | male singing voice, male voice, male singer | |||||
boy soprano (Q6164901) | child's voice | Kinderstimme | ||||||
castrato (Q210970) | castrato voice | Kastratenstimme | castrato voice, castrato | |||||
serious role | seriöses Fach | |||||||
Spiel- und Charackterfach | ||||||||
character role (Q54290928) | Charakterrolle, Charakterfach | |||||||
buffo (Q53837302) | buffo | Buffo | buffo | buffo | ||||
extended voice artist (Q54289488) | extended voice artist | extended voice artist | ||||||
Sprechgesang (Q1500983) | -- sprechgesang | Sprechgesang, Sprechstimme | Sprechgesang, Sprechstimme | |||||
(skip for now) | microphoned singer | |||||||
Q54290196 | Chorrolle, Chorsolist | |||||||
silent role (Q1605169) | silent role | stumme Rolle | silent role, mute role, silent actor, does not sing, non-singing, non singing, non-speaking, non speaking, tacet, mute | |||||
speaking role (Q1312022) | spoken role | Sprechrolle | speaking role, speaking part, spoken part, spoken | |||||
child role (Q54287532) | child role | Kinderrolle | child role | |||||
offstage role (Q54288259) | offstage role | Stimme aus dem Off | offstage role | |||||
breeches role (Q849959) | breeches role | breeches role, en travesti, trouser role | See also: travesti (Q16764901) – needs cleaning up. | |||||
aktör (Q33999) | aktör | Schauspieler, Schauspielerin | actor, actress | |||||
mime artist (Q674067) | mime artist | Pantomime | mime artist, mime | |||||
dansçı (Q5716684) | dansçı | dancer | ||||||
narrator (Q755070) | narrator | narrator | ||||||
speaker (Q28503751) | speaker | speaker | ||||||
Ballet, Tanz | ||||||||
Musikanten, Musiker, Musikerinnen | ||||||||
Statisten, Statisterie, Komparsen |
Artefacts Documenting Activities Related to the Performing Arts
To edit this section, click here.
The table below contains an overview of artefacts related to the performing arts, which are often collected and preserved in order to document activities and the works of this ephemeral art form.
The table contains a tentative typology of such artefacts. We thereby differentiate between the following types of artefacts:
- Artefacts documenting the creative process and its results:
- Artefacts documenting the creative process ahead of the first official representation (premiere) of a given work
- Artefacts documenting the representations and the immediate reception of a given work
- Artefacts documenting the "afterlife", i.e. the long-term reception and impact, of a given work
- Artefacts documenting administrative processes
- Artefacts documenting the infrastructure used
The table also indicates the preferred properties to be used to point to respective entries in archival finding aids and collection catalogues. See Estermann (2020)[1] for an example implementation of such references on Wikidata. Thus, the table, along with the practices proposed in the referenced report provide the basis for the creation of a "WorldCat" of the performing arts, i.e. a comprehensive catalogue of artefacts documenting the performing arts. Wikidata provides the possibility to add such references to various types of Wikidata items, such as items describing performing arts productions; individual performances; people and organizations involved in the performing arts; cultural venues; literary, musical, and choreographic works, etc. Given the richness of the performing arts domain, the approach proposed here can eventually be used to create similar catalogues of artefacts for a variety of other domains. Note, however, that the implementation of the approach is (as of 2023) still at an experimental stage.
We currently (as of 2023) suggest the use of the following properties to point to said artefacts:
- archives at (P485) – to point to archival fonds, typically consisting of two-dimensional artefacts that have been gathered and organized according to the principle of provenance
- documentation files at (P10527) – to point to documentation, typcally consisting of two-dimensional artefacts that have been gathered and organized according to the principle of pertinence (see also its subproperty artist files at (P9493))
- oral history at (P9600) – to point to oral history recordings or transcripts of interviews with contemporary witnesses
- personal library at (P9419) – to point to the personal library of the respective person
- object collection at (property to be created) – to point to an object collection, typcially consisting of three-dimensional artefacts
- video recording(s) at (property to be created) – to point to a video recording of a given subject (event, performing arts production, place, person, etc.)
- audio recording(s) at (property to be created) – to point to an audio recording of a given subject (event, performing arts production, person, etc.)
- photograph collection at (property to be created? - or can this be covered by documentation files at (P10527) with a has part(s) of the class (P2670) qualifier?) – to point to a photograph collection documenting a given subject (event, performing arts production, person, place, etc.)
To further specify the types of artefacts that are included in an archive, a documentation file, or an object collection, a has part(s) of the class (P2670) qualifier is to be used.
WD item | Definition | Documentation of ... aspects | de | en | es | fr | it | ru | Preferred Properties | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
advertising material (Q1554180) | objectified form of an advertising message | artistic | Werbemittel | advertising material (promotional material) | material publicitario | matériel publicitaire | materiale promozionale | archives at (P485)documentation files at (P10527) | ||
annual report (Q699735) | yearly report on a company's or other organization's activities | administrative | Geschäftsbericht | annual report | rapport annuel | relazione annuale | archives at (P485) | |||
association magazine (Q2514037) | magazine published by a membership organization and distributed to its members | administrative;
artistic; infrastructural |
Vereinszeitschrift | association magazine | magazine associatif | archives at (P485) | ||||
audio recording (Q3302947) | single object representing recorded audio data in the form of audio signals on analogue or digital media | artistic | Tonaufnahme | audio recording | enregistrement audio | registrazione audio | audio recoding(s) at | |||
autograph (Q9026959) | document written by hand | administrative;
artistic |
Autograph | autograph | autographe | autografo | archives at (P485)documentation files at (P10527) | |||
bulletin (Q88163834) | short report, especially one released through official channels to be broadcast or publicized | administrative;
artistic; infrastructural |
Bulletin | bulletin | bulletin | archives at (P485)documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
costume (Q1410477) | clothes used by performers on stage; particular style of clothing worn to portray the wearer as a character or type of character at a social event in a theatrical performance on the stage or in film or television | artistic | Kostüm | costume | costume | costumi teatrali | object collection at | |||
costume sketch (Q29642784) | rough drawing of a theatrical, film, or television costume | artistic | Kostümskizze (Kostümdesign) | costume sketch | archives at (P485) | Terminology and definitions should be aligned across languages (the Italian and French concepts refer to the design of clothes in general; not specific to the performing arts or film). | ||||
dance notation [item to be created] | artistic | Tanznotation | dance notation | Notation du mouvement | notazione della danza | archives at (P485) | dance notation (Q34175) refers to the technique, not to an artefact. | |||
documentary film (Q93204) | type of non-fictional motion picture | artistic;
infrastructural |
Dokumentationssendung | documentary film | film documentaire | documentario | object collection at | |||
doll (Q168658) | model of a character or a human beings, often used as a toy for children or an artistic hobby for adults | artistic | Puppe | doll | poupée | bambola | archives at (P485) | |||
Finger puppet (Q26799112) | A puppet worn on a person's finger | artistic | Fingerpuppe | Finger puppet | marionnette à doigt | object collection at | ||||
hand puppet (Q14875) | Puppet put over the hand | artistic | Handpuppe | hand puppet | marionnette à gaine | burattino | object collection at | |||
libretto (Q131084) | text used for an extended musical work | Libretto | libretto | livret | libretto | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
lighting instructions, lighting design [item to be created] | infrastructural | Lichttechnik | lighting technic | éclairagisme | illuminotecnica | object collection at | lighthing technic (Q17177506) refers to the technique, and not to the artefact. lighting design (Q1823302) refers to the activity, and not to the artefact. | |||
magazine article (Q30070590) | written piece, published in a magazine, or on a magazine-style website | Magazinartikel | magazine article | article de magazine | articolo di rivista | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
marionette (Q189888) | puppet controlled from above using wires or strings | artistic | Marionette | marionette | marionnette à fils | marionetta | object collection at | |||
mask (Q161524) | any full or partial face covering, whether ceremonial, protective, decorative, or used as disguise | artistic | Maske | mask | masque | maschera | object collection at | |||
minutes (Q2085515) | written details of a meeting | administrative | Ergebnisprotokoll | minutes | compte-rendu de réunion | verbale di riunione | documentation files at (P10527) | |||
negative (Q595597) | image on photographic film in which color and brightness are inverted | Negativfilm | negative | film négatif | pellicola per negativi | archives at (P485) | ||||
newspaper clipping (Q14552560) | an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine | Zeitungsausschnitt | newspaper clipping | coupure de presse | ritaglio di giornale | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
Leporello book (Q361880) | booklet comprised of alternately folded pages | artistic | Leporello | orihon | leporello | leporello | documentation files at (P10527) | |||
periodical (Q1002697) | serial publication that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule | Periodikum | periodical | périodique | periodico | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
photograph (Q125191) | image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface | Fotografie | photograph | photographie | foto | archives at (P485) | ||||
playbill (Q2416316) | program or poster announcing a theatrical performance | Theaterzettel | playbill | affiche | locandina del teatro | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
poster (Q429785) | type of graphic advertisement | Plakat | poster | affiche | manifesto | archives at (P485) | ||||
programme (Q1508646) | booklet available for patrons attending a live event | Programmheft | programme | programme | documentation files at (P10527) | |||||
puppet (Q1913135) | inanimate object or representational figure animated or manipulated by an entertainer | artistic | Theaterpuppe | puppet | pupazzo | object collection at | ||||
rag doll (Q2918349) | doll with a stuffed cloth body and head | artistic | Stoffpuppe | rag doll | Poupée de chiffon | object collection at | ||||
review (Q265158) | evaluation of a publication, service, company, piece of hardware, event, exhibition, or performance | Rezension | review | critique | recensione | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
rod puppet (Q2325433) | puppet constructed around a central rod secured to the head | artistic | Stabfigur | Rod puppet | marionnette à tige | object collection at | ||||
schedule (Q7271585) | time management tool listing times when events are intended to take place | Zeitplan | documentation files at (P10527) | |||||||
screenplay (Q103076) | written work by screenwriters for a film or television program | Drehbuch | screenplay | scénario | sceneggiatura | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
seasonal programme (Q51176294) | programme of a performing arts company, venue, or troupe featuring all the performances and casts of a given season | Saisonprogramm | seasonal programme | programme de la saison | stagione teatrale | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
stage curtain (Q945148) | large piece of cloth designed to mask backstage areas of a theater from spectators | infrastructural | Vorhang | stage curtain | rideau de théâtre | object collection at | ||||
stage design (Q55619117) | design of the stage setup of a performing arts production | Bühnenbildentwurf | stage design | Modèle de décor de théâtre | regia | archives at (P485) | ||||
statement of accounts (Q55892549) | A statement of accounts is a document that reflects all transactions that took place between you and a particular customer for a given period of time | administrative | Rechenschaftsbericht | statement of accounts | rapport d'activité | documentation files at (P10527) | ||||
statutes (Q55892549) | a law that has been formally approved and written down | administrative | Statuten | statutes | statuts | documentation files at (P10527) | Terminology and definitions should be aligned across languages (e.g. the English term does not correspond to the terms in German and French). | |||
storyboard | graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a story | Storyboard | storyboard | storyboard | archives at (P485) | |||||
text (Q234460) | object that can be "read" by reader; result of writing | Text | text | texte | testo | archives at (P485) | ||||
theatrical property(Q942297) | movable physical object used on a motion picture, television, or stage set that are not costume | artistic | Requisite | theatrical property | accessoire | materiale di scena | object collection at | |||
toy theatre (Q1751712) | miniature theatre | artistic | Papiertheater | toy theatre | théâtre de papier | object collection at | ||||
video recording(Q30070675) | single work, or take, made using the medium of video | artistic | Videoaufnahme | video recording | enregistrement vidéo | archives at (P485) | ||||
yearbook (Q10283140) | publication documenting events of a year | Jahrbuch | yearbook | album de finissants | documentation files at (P10527) |
- ↑ Estermann, B. (2020). Wikidata for Libraries Hackday Series. Switzerland Report. This Month in GLAM, Volume X, Issue I, January 2020.