Wikidata:WikiProject Performing arts/Data sources/Carnegie Hall
Example Items edit
- A concertante opera performance: The Governor's Vrouw (Q52212596)
- A concert including various pieces and a concertante opera performance: concert of the National Orchestral Association (Q52322098)
- An opera gala concert: http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/53557 (to be rendered in analogy to the preceding one)
Graph view of The Governor's Vrouw (Q52212596) edit
#defaultView:Graph
SELECT ?item1 ?image ?item1Label ?item2 ?image2 ?item2Label ?edgeLabel WHERE {
VALUES ?item1 { wd:Q50386450 wd:Q15632617 wd:Q52274147 wd:Q52272108 wd:Q52212596 wd:Q1486440 wd:Q5621150 wd:Q52288886 wd:Q52241789 wd:Q1344 wd:Q552067 wd:Q1344 wd:Q52242410 wd:Q52242199 wd:Q52242291 wd:Q177220 wd:Q52274136 wd:Q52272100}
VALUES ?item2 { wd:Q50386450 wd:Q15632617 wd:Q52274147 wd:Q52272108 wd:Q52212596 wd:Q1486440 wd:Q5621150 wd:Q52288886 wd:Q52241789 wd:Q1344 wd:Q552067 wd:Q1344 wd:Q52242410 wd:Q52242199 wd:Q52242291 wd:Q177220 wd:Q52274136 wd:Q52272100}
?item1 ?prop ?item2.
?edge ?dummy ?prop ; rdf:type wikibase:Property
OPTIONAL {?item1 wdt:P18 ?image}
OPTIONAL {?item2 wdt:P18 ?image2}
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}
Graph view of concert of the National Orchestral Association (Q52322098) edit
#defaultView:Graph
SELECT ?item1 ?image ?item1Label ?item2 ?image2 ?item2Label ?edgeLabel WHERE {
VALUES ?item1 { wd:Q52322098 wd:Q181885 wd:Q2722950 wd:Q7349 wd:Q182832 wd:Q52291294 wd:Q52322365 wd:Q52325341 wd:Q52326886 wd:Q6942562 wd:Q1818859 wd:Q52323103 wd:Q52326578 wd:Q1344 wd:Q52325938 wd:Q522408}
VALUES ?item2 { wd:Q52322098 wd:Q181885 wd:Q2722950 wd:Q7349 wd:Q182832 wd:Q52291294 wd:Q52322365 wd:Q52325341 wd:Q52326886 wd:Q6942562 wd:Q1818859 wd:Q52323103 wd:Q52326578 wd:Q1344 wd:Q52325938 wd:Q522408}
?item1 ?prop ?item2.
?edge ?dummy ?prop ; rdf:type wikibase:Property
OPTIONAL {?item1 wdt:P18 ?image}
OPTIONAL {?item2 wdt:P18 ?image2}
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}
Data Modelling Issues edit
This section contains a discussion of the modelling decisions that have been taken in view of the ingest of the Carnegie Hall Performance History database. In approaching the data modelling issues, we have drawn on the experiences of earlier ingests of performing arts production data from Switzerland. We have mainly followed the modelling decisions taken in that context and have listed here just the new issues encountered with the Carnegie Hall ingest.
The object of a first ingest are all the performances from the Carnegie Hall Performance History database which have been tagged with "opera", i.e. mainly recitals and concertante opera productions.
Source of the Data / References edit
The data was provided by Rob Hudson, archivist at Carnegie Hall, as an extract (as of 24 April 2018) from the Carnegie Hall Performance History database in CSV format). The data is supposed to be in line with the Carnegie Hall Linked Open Data Service and it was agreed with the archivist at Carnegie Hall to use as much as possible the LOD Service as a source of statements derived from the database extract (which for many data fields contains links to the LOD entries).
Most information contained in the database extract is also available through the LOD triple store, such as:
- Basic information about events (e.g. The Governor's Vrouw (Q52212596) / http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/54598/about)
- Performers at the sub-event level (e.g. The Governor's Vrouw (Q52212596) / http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/54598/about)
- Works and composers (e.g. http://data.carnegiehall.org/works/96674/about)
Thus, the respective URLs of the triple store are used as a reference of the statements.
However, some information contained in the database extract is presently missing in the LOD triople store (to be provided at a later point in time), such as the character roles played by the performers during a given sub-event. In this case, the Carnegie Hall Performance History database is given as the source; examples comprise:
Carnegie Hall IDs edit
At the outset of the ingest, only Carnegie Hall agent ID (P4104) had been created on Wikidata; two other types of Carnegie Hall IDs were created in addition:
- Carnegie Hall work ID: Carnegie Hall work ID (P5229)
Done - Carnegie Hall event ID: Carnegie Hall event ID (P5227) Done
The Carnegie Hall Production History Database also contains venue IDs. For the time being, no venue ID property was created; the number of venues in the Carnegie Hall Production History Database is rather small, and there is no 1:1 correspondence of the modelling of historical venue data between the database and Wikidata (for the modelling and the mapping of the venues, see below).
Type of performance: concertante / semi-staged opera edit
According to the information received from the data provider, most opera-related performances taking place in Carnegie Hall were in concertante style. There have been some semi-staged operas though:
"Regarding the differentiation between concert/semi-staged/fully staged productions: unfortunately, we don’t have that type of production information in our database. It’s pretty safe to assume that the vast majority of these performances will be concert productions, with no staging. Anecdotally, I can tell you that the American Opera Society, which gave regular performances at Carnegie in the late 1950s and early 1960s, often presented semi-staged versions, but as you can see from the attached review from 1964 (their performance of Poulenc’s Dialogue des Carmelites), “semi-staged” is probably stretching things a bit, given the extreme space limitations here. In general, the closest you’d find to anything approaching “semi-staged” would be the rare occasions (like the Poulenc) when the first several rows of seats would be removed to create an ersatz “orchestra pit”, and extremely minimal scenery (e.g. a painted backdrop) might be employed, along with costumes. It would be an interesting project to try and determine which productions were mounted in this manner, but I’m afraid it’s not something we can contemplate in time to be of any use in this project." (email communication, 24.04.2018)
Decision: All opera performances are ingested as "concert performances".
Description level: single performances – how to deal with repeat performances? edit
The main description level in the database are single performances. There are however several series of performances included in the dataset (several performances of the same play belonging to the same performing arts production). Examples:
- Cleopatra by MacGregor (in the season 1898-1899): http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/25855; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/41138; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/41140; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/41141; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/41142; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/41143; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/41144.
- The Doctor of Alcantara by Eichberg (in the season 1904-1905): http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/36233; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/43657.
- La boutique fantasque by Respighi (in the season 1982-1983): http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42677; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42678; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42679; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42680; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42681; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42682; http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/42683.
As these cases only represent a small minority, the performances will be ingested at the performance level and then assigned to the same series of performances (Q43100730), to be created manually.
How to deal with multi-part performances? edit
In the case of multi-part performances, a concert (Q182832) item is created which has several parts whose order is indicated (example: concert of the National Orchestral Association (Q52322098)). The parts of a concert may be of the following types:
- musical performance (Q6942562) – this is the default
- concert performance (Q1486440) – for concertante opera performances (the Work is a full opera)
- recital (Q1446621) – for recitals (EventType = "solo recital", "duo recital", or "joint recital")
How to describe concertante opera performances and opera recitals? – Like concerts or like theatre performances? edit
Although it can be argued that concertante opera performances are more like concerts than like theatre performances, they none the less share the characteristic of theatre performances of having cast members with specific character roles. Our modelling approach for concertante opera performances therefore follows the one for theatre performances. The work performed is indicated by means of the based on (P144) property.
In the case of recitals, the same approach is followed as long as character roles are indicated for the performers. Again, the work the recital is based on is indicated by means of the based on (P144) property. Specific pieces are indicated by means of the recording or performance of (P2550) property.
How are concerts described in Wikidata? edit
See SPARQL query:
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?type ?typeLabel
WHERE
{
?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q182832.
?item wdt:P31 ?type
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}
How to deal with historical venues? edit
Example: Carnegie Lyceum (http://data.carnegiehall.org/venues/9/about)
A full list of venues contained in the Carnegie Hall performance history database can be found here: http://data.carnegiehall.org/venues/96397/about
The data modelling issues are being addressed in the context of the WikiProject Cultural venues.
Venues contained in the opera data set are:
- Carnegie Hall: Main Hall – Isaac Stern Auditorium / Ronald O. Perelman Stage (Q52291294) (subject named as (P1810) "Main Hall")
- Carnegie Hall: Isaac Stern Auditorium / Ronald O. Perelman Stage – Isaac Stern Auditorium / Ronald O. Perelman Stage (Q52291294) (subject named as (P1810) "Isaac Stern Auditorium / Ronald O. Perelman Stage")
- Carnegie Hall: Weill Recital Hall – Weill Recital Hall (Q52277228) (subject named as (P1810) "Weill Recital Hall")
- Carnegie Hall: Carnegie Recital Hall – Weill Recital Hall (Q52277228) (subject named as (P1810) "Carnegie Recital Hall")
- Carnegie Hall: Chamber Music Hall – Weill Recital Hall (Q52277228) (subject named as (P1810) "Chamber Music Hall")
- Carnegie Hall: Carnegie Lyceum – Carnegie Lyceum (Q52288886)
- Carnegie Hall: Zankel Hall – Zankel Hall (Q52291850)
Some venues had their names changed over time, while their structure and purpose remained the same (Main Hall and Chamber Music Hall), while others underwent major transformations (Carnegie Lyceum and Zankel Hall). In the former case, only one WD item was created; in the latter a separate WD item is created for each major transformation.
Mapping Table edit
The mapping table below contains the data mapping between the "Carnegie Hall Performance Database" (opera-related performances only) on one hand, and Wikidata on the other hand.
The mapping table needs reviewing!
| Class (SPA / Wikidata) | Property (in datafile) | Property Value (in datafile) | Property (SPA / Wikidata) | Refers to class (SPA) / possible values | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venue | Venue | Venue | Len / Lde | String | |
| Work | (implicit) | (if only one work is indicated for a given event) | instance of (P31) | opera (Q1344) | item to be created if it does not yet exist in WD |
| (if several works are indicated for a given event and a composer is indicated for the work) | musical work (Q2188189) | ||||
| Composer | (missing information) | <No information in Data File> | See notes below regarding missing or untypical entries. | ||
| Composer Name | composer (composer (P86)) | Agent | |||
| WorkID | Carnegiehall Work ID (URL) | Carnegie Hall work ID (P5229) | String (without path) | ||
| WorkTitle | Work Name | title (title (P1476)) | String | ||
| Len | String | ||||
| (implicit) | (if only one work is indicated for a given event) | Den | "opera by [FIRST NAME and NAME of composer]" | ||
| (if several works are indicated for a given event and a composer is indicated for the work) | "musical work by [FIRST NAME and NAME of composer]" | ||||
| Performance Event | (implicit) | (if only one work is indicated for a given event) | instance of (P31) | concert performance (Q1486440) | |
| (if several works are indicated for a given event and a composer is indicated for the work) | concert (Q182832) | ||||
| EventType | benefit | instance of (P31) | benefit concert (Q1850936) | ||
| competition | competition (Q476300) | ||||
| solo recital | recital (Q1446621) | ||||
| duo recital | |||||
| joint recital | |||||
| lecture | lecture (Q603773) | ||||
| student performance | student performance (Q52314485) | ||||
| tribute / memorial | memorial concert (Q52314849) | Can be used in combination with: commemorates (P547) | |||
| children's concert | intended public (P2360) | child (Q7569) | |||
| EventID | Carnegiehall Event ID (URL) | Carnegie Hall event ID (P5227) | String (without path) | ||
| (implicit) | (labels to be generated based on the PerformanceDesignation and possibly further data contained in the dataset) | Len | String | See example items. | |
| native label (P1705) (lang:en) | |||||
| Lde | |||||
| (implicit) | (descriptions to be generated based on the PerformanceDesignation and further data contained in the dataset) | Den | String | See example items. | |
| Dde | |||||
| PerformanceDesignation | (if Len is different from PerformanceDesignation) | Aen | String | ||
| PerformanceDate | Date of the Performance | point in time (P585) | Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | ||
| Venue | Venue | location (P276)
with the qualifier: |
Venue | ||
| Conductor | (if the Performance Event consists of only one part, cf. ProgramOrder) | musical conductor (P3300)with the qualifier: | Agent | ||
| PerformerName
(CharacterRole, ContributorType, VoiceType) |
cast member (P161), performer (P175) or similar
with the qualifiers: |
Agent | For details, see the table below.
See the table in the Typology section for a list of voice types. | ||
| OrchestraName | performer (P175)with the qualifier: | Agent | |||
| Genre | dance | genre (P136) | concert dance (Q1020618) | ||
| opera | opera (Q1344) | ||||
| pop music | pop music (Q37073) | ||||
| rock music | rock music (Q11399) | ||||
| world music | world music (Q205049) | ||||
| theater | (ignore) | n/a | handle manually (only one instance) | ||
| musical theater | (ignore) | n/a | "musical theater" is a super-property of "opera" | ||
| WorkTitle | (if the Performance Event consists of only one part, cf. ProgramOrder) | based on (P144) | Work
with the qualifier: |
||
| (implicit)
(ProgramOrder) |
(if the Performance Event consists of several parts, cf. ProgramOrder) | has part(s) (P527) | Performance
with the qualifier: |
||
| Performance | (implicit) | (if the Composer field contains "Play") | instance of (P31) | performance (Q35140) | |
| (if the Composer field contains one of the following:
- "Remarks" - "Awards Presentation" - "Introduction/ Opening Remarks" - "Welcome" - "Address" - "Greetings" - "Presentation") |
instance of (P31)
with the qualifier: subject named as (P1810) |
oration (Q861911) | |||
| (if the Composer field contains "Reading") | recitation (Q1680700)with the qualifier: subject named as (P1810) | ||||
| (if WorkTitle does not contain a colon and if the entry contains CharacterRoles) | instance of (P31) | concert performance (Q1486440) | |||
| (else) | musical performance (Q6942562) | ||||
| (implicit) | (labels to be generated based on data contained in the dataset) | Len | String | ||
| Lde | |||||
| (implicit) | (descriptions to be generated based on data contained in the dataset) | Den | String | ||
| Dde | |||||
| PerformanceDate | Performance Date | point in time (P585) | Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | ||
| Venue | Venue | location (P276)
with the qualifier: |
Venue | ||
| Conductor | (if the Conductor field is not empty) | musical conductor (P3300)with the qualifier: | Agent | ||
| PerformerName
(CharacterRole, ContributorType, VoiceType) |
Name of the Performer | cast member (P161), performer (P175) or similar
with the qualifiers: |
Agent | For details, see the table below.
See the table in the Typology section for a list of voice types. | |
| OrchestraName | (if instance of concert performance or musical performance) | performer (P175)with the qualifier: | Agent | This may produce some false positives as the orchestra is indicated for the Performance Event and not for the single Performance. | |
| WorkTitle | (if instance of concert performance) | based on (P144) | Work
with the qualifier: |
||
| (if instance of musical performance) | Aen | String | For musical works (and their expressions) that already have entries on WD, recording or performance of (P2550) can be used. | ||
| (implicit) | part of (P361) | Performance Event |
Contributor Types edit
Notes Regarding the Interpretation of the Data in the Source Data File edit
Missing Contributor Type edit
- VoiceType = soprano, etc. --> singer
- VoiceType = vocalist --> vocalist
- VoiceType = unspecified voice --> singer
Persons listed only with Last Name edit
The following persons are listed only with their last name:
- Composer (the Carnegie Hall ID is missing as well)
- Conductor (the Carnegie Hall ID is listed – from there, both the first and the last name can be derived).
[Check with the data provider whether this information can be completed.]
Missing composer / unusual entries in the Composer field
The composer field may contain one of the following entries, sometimes complemented by the information given under the WorkTitle or in the Remarks field:
- "No program available" ("No program issued or program missing"; "Program missing"): no composer / no work [check the remarks and complement the information manually after the ingest]
- "See program for details" ("See program for selections"): no composer / no work [check the remarks and complement the information manually after the ingest]
- "Selections not listed" ("Selections not included in program"): no composer / no work [check the remarks and complement the information manually after the ingest]
- "Speech–Other":
- Remarks: oration (Q861911)
- Awards Presentation: oration (Q861911)
- Introduction/ Opening Remarks: oration (Q861911)
- Welcome: oration (Q861911)
- Address: oration (Q861911)
- Greetings: oration (Q861911)
- Presentation: oration (Q861911)
- Play: performance (Q35140)
- Reading: recitation (Q1680700)
- "Spiritual" (the title of the Work is provided): no composer; genre = spirituals (Q212024)
PerformanceDesignation edit
Sometimes, the field PerformanceDesignation just mentions the producer of the concert or concert performance (e.g. "Opera Orchestra of New York" or "Columbia University Musical Society"), sometimes the title of the concert is given, along with some description (e.g. "The Gift of Music, a Benefit for the American Red Cross), and sometimes the PerformanceDesignation could be directly used as a label in Wikidata (e.g. "La Traviata" or "Gala Opera Concert: Pablo Elvira in Arias and Duets"). This means that the labels and the descriptions need to be redacted specifically for the Wikidata ingest. [To do]
Issues / Potential Errors in the Source Data edit
http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/54747 edit
The second work (Malediction) is a theatre play (without music) by Joseph Aloysius Lyons (1838- )[1]; thus, Lyons is the "author" of the play, and not the composer; also the statement regarding the conductor and the orchestra does not apply to this second work.
http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/23260 edit
It is unclear why this performance is tagged as a "lecture".
http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/19205
It is unclear why this performance is tagged as genre "opera". Many of the works performed are not indicated, so it cannot be excluded that some of the works are related to opera. At the same time, Sophie Tucker does not seem to have had a career as an opera singer.
"EventType/Genre Code" / "EventType/Genre Label" edit
It is unclear whether the information contained in the columns "EventType/Genre Code" and "EventType/Genre Label" applies to the entire event or just to the parts for which they have been declared. Note that the entries in the spreadsheet are multiplied if several tags have been applied.
- http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/39879 - tags: "eventType: tribute/memorial"; "eventType: chorus and orchestra"; "genre: opera". – Strictly speaking, "eventType: tribute/memorial" applies to the entire concert, while "genre: opera" only applies to its last part, i.e. the performance of Zöllner's opera "Bei Sedan" (yet the tag has been applied to all the parts). Similarly, "eventType: chorus and orchestra" has also been applied to the reading part.
- http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/39499 - tags: "eventType: benefit"; "eventType: chorus"; "genre: opera". – Not problematic, as it contains only one work.
- http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/25735 - tags: "genre: opera". – Not problematic, as it contains only one work.
- http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/52644 - tags: "eventType: radio broadcast"; "genre: opera". – Not problematic, as it contains only one work.
- http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/30075 – tags: "genre: opera"; "eventType: symphony orchestra". – The concert consists of several parts, mostly relating to operatic works, except for two, "Arianna a Naxos" by Joseph Haydn and "Feu d’artifice" by Igor Stravinsky.
Errors edit
- http://data.carnegiehall.org/events/30075 – The title of the fourth work performed is "Drei Gesänge aus Henrik Ibsen "Das Fest auf Solhaug" and not "Drei Gesänge auf Ibsens Das Fest aus Solhaug" [2].