幫助:屬性
This page is a work in progress, not an article or policy, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable.
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此页简而言之:
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属性描述一项声明的数据值并可以被视作数据的类别,比如“颜色”属性可以有一个“蓝色”的数据值。当属性和值配对时,就形成了维基数据的一项声明声明。属性也可以用在限定符中。
维基数据目前有12,132个属性。
属性在Wikidata上有自己的页面,并与项目连接,从而形成链接的数据结构。
瞭解屬性
Properties are similar to items in a couple of ways. Like items, each property has a label, a description, and even an alias or aliases that can be added in multiple languages. Properties also have statements that help to more completely describe the property, including constraints on how the property can be used.
Label | Description | Alias |
---|---|---|
occupation | occupation of a person | profession; job; work; career |
profession | métier ou occupation d'une personne | métier; occupation |
zawód | zawód osoby, zobacz także "dziedzina" | (none yet added) |
However, properties do not have a section on their pages for sitelinks to other Wikimedia projects, and they also do not have external identifiers.
Each property has a data type which defines the kind of values allowed in statements with that property.
Properties aim to relate one type of entity with another type. The type of item a property should be used on is called its domain (Q112036279) and can be enforced using a subject type constraint (Q21503250). If the data type of an item is an Item, than the type of item that should be the value of the property is called is range (Q112036270) and can be enforced using a value-type constraint (Q21510865). If the data type is not an Item, the type of a value a property has can be specified with class of non-item property value (P10726).
与项目一样,属性也具有唯一的标识符。 虽然项目以Q前缀开头并在Wikidata的主命名空间中找到,但是属性具有P前缀并存储在属性命名空间中。
尋找屬性
Properties can be suggested at respective classes using properties for this type (P1963). E.g. organization (Q43229) will list all properties relevant to any organization.
See Statistics for additional summaries of existing properties.
Search
Lists
- Special:AllPages/Property: (List by alphabetically sorted number)
- Special:ListProperties + Get a list of properties by data type
- Wikidata:List of properties
- Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/Top100
- Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/all
- Template:Property lists
創建屬性
在新属性创建前,必须首先在維基數據:屬性提議经过讨论和记录。在有一定支持且较少反对后,属性就被属性创建员或管理员建立(参见属性创建员列表)。创建后,相关的讨论记录会被移动到属性的讨论页下,并在那里被持续讨论。
在提议属性时,请记住,每个属性至少应使用100个项目; 如果提议的属性无法多次使用,则可能不应将其添加到Wikidata中(当然,此规则也有例外)。
To propose a property, click here and choose a topic category. Click the blue button "Create request page" and then fill out the provided template with as much information as possible. Make sure to include a possible property name in English (this will be the label), a description, the data type, examples of the type of item that may bear the property, and an example of how the property would be used. Don't worry about getting everything right the first time; that's what the discussion process is for.
If you are interested in being involved at the property proposal level for a specific subject matter, consider joining or creating a WikiProject, a group of contributors who want to work together to improve a particular aspect of Wikidata. These groups often focus on how to best represent the data for a particular area of knowledge.
关于更多属性创建员的信息,请参见维基数据:属性创建员#申请这个权限。要申请成为属性创建员,请访问Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Other rights#Property creator。
編輯屬性
警告: 您需要确认或自动确认才能编辑属性。 |
Property entities can be edited like item entities with labels, descriptions, aliases, and statements.
Property labels should be as unambiguous as possible so that it is clear to a user which property is the correct one to use when editing items and adding statements. Properties rarely refer to commonly known concepts but they are more constructs of the Wikidata with specific meanings. Unlike items, property labels must be unique.
Property descriptions are less relevant for disambiguation but they should provide enough information about the scope and context of the property so that users understand appropriate usage of the property without having to consult additional help.
Property aliases should include all alternative ways of referring to the property.
Example:
- property: P161
- label: cast member
- description: actor performing live for a camera or audience
- aliases: film starring; actor; actress; starring
Label, description, and aliases of a property are first discussed by the community during the property proposal process. Major changes to a property should be discussed on its talk page first.
See Help:Data_type#Changing_datatype for changing the datatype of a property.
刪除屬性
如果你認為一個屬性應该從維基數據中刪除 (例如,這是一個與其它已有的屬性重覆的屬性),您需要发起删除请求。请根据屬性刪除請求的步骤来发起申请。
使用屬性
Wikidata relies on consistency. For instance, all persons should have common properties whenever possible, whether they are politicians, artists or scientists, living or historical, fictional or not. If you are unsure whether the property you are using is most appropriate for the statement, consult the property's discussion page or ask on Wikidata:Project chat. An automatically generated list of properties currently supported by Wikidata can be found at here. Community-maintained lists can also be found at Wikidata:List of properties.
Property constraints
Bidirectional relationships and hierarchies
Wikidata does not support automatic bidirectional links (phabricator:T51165), so some properties need to be added and maintained twice. If, for example, A is a child of B on A's item page, the relation B as the parent of A also needs to be maintained on B's item page.
In general, only simple hierarchical properties should be recorded as statements. For example, record properties like child (P40)–father (P22) and/or mother (P25), but not properties like grandchild–grandparent, niece–aunt, niece–uncle, etc. Such additional relationships can be derived from the existing data.
Property misuse
Every Wikidata property is intended for a specific purpose. When a Wikidata property is used in a way that goes against the consensus of how the property is meant to be used, we speak of property misuse. Wikidata attempts to combat property misuse with property constraints and entity schemas. If a property is misused because there doesn't exist any good alternative property, a new property may be proposed.
常見問題
Please see Help:Frequently used properties for guidelines and examples of using properties related to scientific taxonomies, administrative divisions, sources, Wikimedia Commons files, and more.
參見
For related Help pages, see:
- Help:Frequently used properties, for help with using specific properties
- Help:Basic membership properties, detailed explanation of three important properties: instance of (P31), subclass of (P279) and part of (P361)
- Wikidata:List of properties, community-maintained lists of Wikidata properties - Special:AllPages/Property:, a special page showing all properties
- Help:Statements, which explains what statements are and what rules they follow
- Help:Qualifiers, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow
- Help:Items, which explains what items are and what rules they follow
- Wikidata:Property proposal, to discuss new properties before they are created - Wikidata:Properties for deletion to nominate properties for deletion
- Wikidata:Property creators, for users granted the technical ability to create properties
- Wikidata:WikiProjects, a list of users who work together to improve representation and coverage of a specific topic or domain
- Wikidata:Relation between properties in RDF and in Wikidata
- Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology
- Wikidata:Identifiers for identifiers in Wikidata in general and identifier properties in particular
- Wikidata:WikiProject Properties
- MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties controls the order in which properties are presented on an item
For additional information and guidance, see:
- 互助客栈,讨论维基数据的各个方面
- Wikidata:Glossary,在此使用的术语表和其他帮助页面
- Help:FAQ,维基数据社群的常见问题与解答
- Help:Contents,帮助门户,包括所有用于维基数据的文档