Pomoc:Typy danych
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Typ danych określa sposób zachowania deklaracji i rodzaj pobieranych danych. Różne typy deklaracji używają różnych typów właściwości, a także używają różnych typów danych. Podczas tworzenia właściwości jednym z wyborów jest ustawienie typu danych, a po ustawieniu właściwość zostaje zablokowana dla tego typu danych. Ma to wpływ na sposób ich wykorzystania i musi istnieć w planach pewna ich liczba, zanim będzie można zdefiniować użyteczną właściwość.
Koordynacja prac nad właściwościami odbywa się na stronie Wikidata:Property proposal.
| Data type | Number of properties |
|---|---|
| External identifier | 8779 |
| Item | 1649 |
| Quantity | 657 |
| String | 332 |
| URL | 110 |
| Commons media file | 80 |
| Point in time | 67 |
| Monolingual text | 62 |
| Property | 21 |
| Geographic coordinates | 11 |
| Tabular data | 6 |
| Geographic shape | 3 |
| Data type | Number of properties |
|---|---|
| Mathematical expression | 36 |
| Sense | 19 |
| Lexeme | 15 |
| Form | 10 |
| Musical Notation | 6 |
Właściwości według typu
For a list of the properties that currently require each type of data type, see either:
Datatypes to link entities
Wikidata has 5 types of entities (Item, Property, Lexeme, Sense and Form). For each entity type there exists a same-named data type that can be used to link entities of that type.
- Item
- Link do elementu. (list of properties)
- Property
- Link do właściwości. (list of properties)
The following data types are primarily meant for statements on Lexemes, which make up the lexicographical data of Wikidata.
- Lexeme
- Link to a lexeme. (list of properties)
- Form
- For statements on lexemes that reference forms on other lexemes in order to indicate their relation. (list of properties)
- Sense
- For statements on lexemes that reference senses on other lexemes. (list of properties)
Typy danych oparte na ciągach znaków
String
- type: string (String)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with string-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/string
Łańcuch znaków, cyfr i symboli, które nie muszą być tłumaczone na różne języki lub formaty liczb. Ciąg znaków nie jest używany do obliczeń.
- Examples:
- B123
- 90928390-XLE
- u29238
Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.
Monolingual text
- type: monolingualtext (Monolingual text)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with monolingualtext-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/monolingualtext
A string that is not translated into other languages. This type of string is defined once and reused in all languages. Typical use is a geographically localized entity name written in the local language, an identifier of some kind, a chemical formula or a Latin scientific name. See Help:Monolingual text languages for information about the language codes available for monolingual text values and how to request support for additional language codes. (Note that monolingual text also implies a single script system, which can make the string somewhat problematic.)
Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.
External identifier
- type: external-id (External identifier)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with external-id-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/external-id
String that represents an identifier used in an external system. Will display as external link if a formatter URL (P1630) is defined. See: External identifiers.
Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.
URL
- type: url (URL)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with url-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/url
A generalized "URL" that identifies some kind of external resource, perhaps a link to an external site of some kind, or an identifier used for lookup in some kind of specialized resource.
Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.
Typy danych odnoszące się do plików na Commons
Commons media
- type: commonsMedia (Commons media file)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with commonsMedia-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/commonsMedia
References to files on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "File" namespace on Commons will be searched for matching entries. These files can be used both to illustrate the concepts in Wikidata and as an actual property value for inclusion on Wikipedia.
- Examples:
- Wikidata-logo.svg
Geographic shape
- type: geo-shape (Geographic shape)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with geo-shape-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/geo-shape
Reference to map data file on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "Data" namespace on Wikimedia Commons will be searched for matching entries.
Tabular data
- type: tabular-data (Tabular data)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with tabular-data-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/tabular-data
Reference to tabular data file on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "Data" namespace on Commons will be searched for matching entries.
Typy danych dla określonych notacji
Mathematical expression
- type: math (Mathematical expression)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with math-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/math
Sformatowany ciąg znaków wyświetlany jako wzór.
Current limitation: input text can't be queried on Query Service.
Musical Notation
- type: musical-notation (Musical Notation)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with musical-notation-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/musical-notation
Generated image in .png format that displays a musical score. Values for that data type are strings describing music following LilyPond syntax.
Example:
- Value string
\relative c' { c d e f | g2 g | a4 a a a | g1 |}, produces
Inne typy danych
Quantity
- type: quantity (Quantity)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with quantity-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/quantity
A Quantity value represents a decimal number, together with information about the uncertainty interval of this number, and a unit of measurement. The attributes are:
- amount: the quantity's main value
- lowerBound: the quantity's lower bound (optional)
- upperBound: the quantity's upper bound (optional)
- unit: unit of measure item (empty for dimensionless values)
Internally, amount, lower bound and upper bound are strings; positive numbers are stored with a plus sign, though this will not be displayed. The representation of a quantity may not be longer than 127 characters; therefore, the maximal value of a quantity is 10^126-1.
Konwersja jednostek nie została jeszcze wdrożona (11 października 2015).
The normalisation table is readable as a JSON file in the WMF Mediawiki repository.
- Examples:
- 762 (dimensionless)
- 2500 km (upper and lower bounds are not set, with unit)
- 1.03 ± 0.02 g (enter as nominal value +/- tolerance, representing a lower and upper bound, with unit). The tolerance is in some cases not shown at Wikipedia, only the nominal value, for example in Wikidata lists produced by the listeria bot.
Time
- type: time (Point in time)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with time-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/time
Ten typ danych przechowuje datę w kalendarzu gregoriańskim lub juliańskim. Zobacz szczegółową strukturę.
- Examples:
- 2012
- 1780-05 (=maj 1780)
- 1833-11-01 (=1 listopada 1833)
Zobacz Help:Dates, aby uzyskać więcej informacji.
Globe coordinate
- type: globe-coordinate (Geographic coordinates)
- list of properties: Category:Properties with globe-coordinate-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/globe-coordinate
A geographical position given as a latitude-longitude pair (in gms or decimal degrees) for a given "globe" (any stellar body). Globe defaults to "Earth" (globe: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2). A "precision" parameter describes the resolution of the source of the coordinate. Note that the coordinate system is assumed to be "WGS84" (World Geodetic System 1984 (Q11902211)), which may not be suitable for less Earth-like bodies, and this is not configurable.
Currently, the Web UI of Wikidata doesn't expose all parameters of this data type. The value is visualized only as the coordinate, plus an embedded map if the globe is Earth (Q2). The precision can be modified in the edit mode. The globe is not visible, nor editable, in the item view. The full configuration is however visible in the history diff view (example).
When using the Web UI, the value saved will be an exact multiple of the precision chosen.
It is possible to edit the data in full via API. The CLI tool is one way to access the API. In this example Olympus Mons (Q520) is given a coordinate on Mars (Q111) using the globe parameter (used in coordinate location (P625)):
wd ac Q520 P625 '{ "latitude": 18.4, "longitude": 226, "precision": 0.016666666666667, "globe": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q111" }'
The globe.js script adds a UI to set the globe parameter of coordinate location (P625).
Bots such as LocatorBot may detect when the globe parameter of coordinate location (P625) is not set according to located on astronomical body (P376). Adding located on astronomical body (P376) and waiting for a bot to update the coordinate globe is an accepted workaround.
Szczegóły techniczne
In the Wikibase JSON format each value is represented by "datatype": <datatype>, "datavalue": {"type": <type>, "value": ...}, where the representation of the value depends on the type.
In the RDF format data types are represented by the RDF name in the following table prefixed with http://wikiba.se/ontology# (or the wikibase: prefix in case of the RDF dumps). Note that this prefix is also available in the Wikidata query service, so for example ?prop wikibase:propertyType wikibase:String will return all properties of data type String.
| Name | JSON datatype | RDF name | JSON type | Implemented by | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | wikibase-item | WikibaseItem | wikibase-entityid | built-in | list, query |
| Właściwość | wikibase-property | WikibaseProperty | wikibase-entityid | built-in | list, query |
| Leksem | wikibase-lexeme | WikibaseLexeme | wikibase-entityid | WikibaseLexeme (Q28925815) | list, query |
| Znaczenie | wikibase-sense | WikibaseSense | wikibase-entityid | WikibaseLexeme (Q28925815) | list, query |
| Forma | wikibase-form | WikibaseForm | wikibase-entityid | WikibaseLexeme (Q28925815) | list, query |
| Tekst jednojęzyczny | monolingualtext | Monolingualtext | monolingualtext | built-in | list, query |
| Łańcuch | string | String | string | built-in | list, query |
| Identyfikator zewnętrzny | external-id | ExternalId | string | built-in | list, query |
| URL | url | Url | string | built-in | list, query |
| Plik multimedialny na Commons | commonsMedia | CommonsMedia | string | built-in | list, query |
| Kształt geograficzny | geo-shape | GeoShape | string | built-in | list, query |
| Dane tabelaryczne | tabular-data | TabularData | string | built-in | list, query |
| Wyrażenie matematyczne | math | Math | string | Math (Q21677559) | list, query |
| Musical Notation | musical-notation | MusicalNotation | string | Score (Q21678392) | list, query |
| Ilość | quantity | Quantity | quantity | built-in | list, query |
| Moment w czasie | time | Time | time | built-in | list, query |
| Współrzędne geograficzne | globe-coordinate | Globecoordinate | globecoordinate | built-in | list, query |
Ograniczenia
- Point in time doesn't support time of day. phab:T57755
- Quantity doesn't support infinity (Q205), e.g. you cannot state prime number (Q49008)quantity (P1114)infinitely many.
Oczekujące typy danych
For none of the following dates of implementation are likely to be available. Existing datatypes may solve it in the meantime.
Zobacz: Wikidane:Plan rozwoju
Do zrobienia
Czas trwania
czas w formacie HH:MM:SS
W planach
Właściwość obliczona
A property calculated by Wikibase and added directly to items. Not in development plan.
Possible uses: number of statements on the item.
Celestial coordinates
A coordinate format for specifying positions of celestial objects. Not in development plan.
Current work-around: see Wikidata:Property proposal/Astronomical coordinates
Integer datatype
Typ danych ilościowych dla dodatnich liczb całkowitych. Zostało to częściowo zaimplementowane poprzez usunięcie precyzji i utworzenie integer constraint (Q52848401).
Monostring item
A datatype allowing descriptions in any language, but a single label. Not in development plan.
Current alternatives: lexemes
Alternative that is being evaluated: multilingual label replacing repeated labels
Tekst wielojęzyczny
A string that must be translated into other languages. Use might be an entity name on non-local form, that is translated into various languages and script systems. (Note that multilingual text also imply a lot of manual work during translation.). Actual purpose to be determined.
Tekst wielowierszowy
A string that may contain newlines.
Remote property
Properties in remote repositories are likely to be identified through a special field on existing entities, not a separate datatype.
Serie wartości
A simplified way to store series of values for different points in time. Not in development plan.
Szachy
Display strings in FEN notation as in position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (P6648) directly as chessboards.
Hiero
Strings for display with WikiHiero. Strings in WikiHiero syntax are embedded in <hiero></hiero> to display. Samples on Talk:Q68101340 and Property_talk:P7383.
Phab request to do.
Combined human-readable and numeric id
Datatype to add numeric id and page title, e.g. of a MediaWiki page. Qualifier MediaWiki page ID (P9675) is sometimes added to property value with page titles. Some properties use the numeric value directly.
Wikibase statement
Datatype to reference a specific Wikidata statement.
Wyrażenia regularne
Datatype to store regular expressions (regex). These are currently stored as strings or monolingual text, e.g. format as a regular expression (P1793), format as language specific regular expression (P8770).
Zakresy adresów IP
Datatype to store address ranges and simplify querying them.
Typy danych, które nigdy nie będą zaimplementowane
Boolean
Declined. Suggested alternative: item-datatype.
Zmiana typu danych
A property in "string" datatype may be converted to "external identifier" datatype by a system administrator. To propose such a change, you may start a discussion at the talk page of the property or Project chat. After a consensus, a request may be made in Contact the development team. You should read previous discussion if you want to convert a property created before 2016.
Other changes of data type requires creating a new property and deleting the old one. You should use Properties for deletion for such requests.