Property talk:P4900

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broader concept
qualifier to indicate a broader concept that the present item is part of, as mapped by an external source. The statement being qualified should be an exact match.

Represents	umbrella term (Q210588), broad match (Q39894595), hypernym (Q609507)
Data type	Item
Example	According to this template: pyjamas (Q193204) Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID (P1014) 300215942; -- broader concept → nightwear (Q1187616) folk tale (Q1221280) Library of Congress authority ID (P244) gf2014026344 -- subject named as (P1810) "folk tales" -- broader concept → oral literature (Q986539) According to statements in the property: tricorne (Q763457) → hat (Q80151) pyjamas (Q193204) → nightwear (Q1187616) When possible, data should only be stored as statements
See also	narrower external class (P3950), part of (P361), facet of (P1269), mapping relation type (P4390), exact match (P2888), equivalent class (P1709), next higher rank (P3730)
Lists	Most recently created items Items with novalue claims Items with unknown value claims Usage history (total) Usage history (main statement) Chart by item creation date Database reports/Constraint violations/P4900
Proposal discussion	Proposal discussion
Current uses	Total 7,246 Main statement 25 0.3% of uses Qualifier 7,206 99.4% of uses Reference 15 0.2% of uses
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[create Create a translatable help page (preferably in English) for this property to be included here]

Scope is as qualifier (Q54828449): the property must be used by specified way only (Help)

Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P4900#Scope, SPARQL

Usage

This property broader concept (P4900) is a qualifier, that can be used used to indicate the Wikidata item that corresponds to an entry above this one (ie a "broader concept" or "parent concept" or "ancestral concept") in the external hierarchy of the statement this property is qualifying.

As an example, consider the 'costume' part of the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID (P1014)). Like most examples of thesauruses in the sense of thesaurus (Q17152639), this thesaurus has an internal hierarchical structure. The costume part of this can be found set out at Wikidata:WikiProject_Fashion/Taxonomy/aat.

P4900 can be used to indicate that eg for pyjamas (Q193204) (AAT: 300215942), the first item that we can match in the AAT hierarchy above this is nightwear (Q1187616) (which in fact corresponds to its direct parent in the AAT hierarchy).

This can represented as an AAT statement, with a P4900 qualifier:

pyjamas (Q193204) Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID (P1014) 300215942   /   broader concept (P4900) = nightwear (Q1187616)

Sometimes the direct parent there is not an entry that has been matched to an item here. One example (currently) is our item tricorne (Q763457) (AAT: 300046114). The immediate parent of this in the AAT hierarchy is "cocked hat" (AAT: 300210734), which currently we do not have an item matched to. However, we do have an item which corresponds to the grandparent item in the AAT hierarchy, hat (Q80151) (AAT: 300046106). So this can be represented with the additional qualifier sourcing circumstances (P1480) = hierarchical link is not direct (Q50095342), giving:

tricorne (Q763457) Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID (P1014) 300046114   /   broader concept (P4900) = hat (Q80151)   /   sourcing circumstances (P1480) = hierarchical link is not direct (Q50095342)

The usefulness of adding this information is that it now makes it easy to extract all the items with matches to a particular part of the external thesaurus. For example, the following query finds all items matched to AAT entries below costume accessory (Q1065579):

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel WHERE { 
   wd:Q1065579 (^pq:P4900/^p:P1014)* ?item  .  # note -- this inverted form makes the query much faster
   SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}

Try it!

Within this set, one can also now identify all items where the upward relationship in the thesaurus cannot as yet be 'explained' by our existing subclass of (P279) relations:

query link

There may be a variety of reasons for rows appearing as results in the above query, eg:

• the wrong item has been matched to an AAT id;
• items have been matched to the external hierarchy, but no subclass of (P279) has been created here at all;
• matched items may be missing what might be an appropriate extra subclass of (P279) connection;
• editors here may have made a different choice of how to classify the class, compared to the thesaurus.

-- all of which may be quite interesting, and useful to be able to reveal with a query. (Work evaluating this particular query is currently underway at d:Wikidata talk:WikiProject Fashion) -- Jheald (talk) 13:19, 5 March 2018 (UTC)

Tracking use of this property, and external sources with hierarchical information

I have suggested at WikiProject Authority Control (thread) that it might be useful to start a page, to track which external sources that we currently match to have some internal hierarchical structure, and to what extent that has been (or might be) represented here using broader concept (P4900), and then reviewed against our existing properties.

I think this would be quite a useful survey to make; but follow-up on this is probably best at the WikiProject. Jheald (talk) 15:15, 5 March 2018 (UTC)

Label Change?

This property, "broader concept (P4900), seems to be the opposite of "narrower external class (P3950)", yet the naming format is inconsistent. I find that "narrower external class" is clearer and more descriptive than "broader concept," thus I propose that we change "broader concept" to "broader external class." The-erinaceous-one (talk) 22:13, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

@The-erinaceous-one: Interesting thought. The analogy between P4900 and narrower external class (P3950) is not complete, however. P3950 points to an external URL. P4900 points to a Q-number, ie a concept entity that we have our own item for, that is in that sense internal within Wikidata, but which matches the broader class in the external ontology. Also P3950 is for use as a main statement, whereas P4900 is for use as a qualifer on an ID statement for a particular hierarchy. So it may be good to keep a little cognitive distance between the two properties. Jheald (talk) 13:44, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Ah, yes, I see. I misunderstood P4900, initially, and you are right that they are not analogous. The-erinaceous-one (talk) 21:59, 1 September 2020 (UTC)