Help:Állítások
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In Wikidata, a concept, topic, or object is represented by an item. Each item is accorded its own page. A statement (Resource Description Framework (Q54872) graph format: Subject-Predicate-Object) is how the information we know about an item - the data we have about it - gets recorded in Wikidata. This happens by pairing a property with at least one value; this pair is at the heart of a statement. Statements can also be expanded on, annotated, or contextualized with additional values, as well as optional qualifiers, references, and ranks. Statements also serve to connect items to each other, resulting in a linked data structure.
Nyelv | elem | tulajdonság | érték |
---|---|---|---|
angol | Marie Curie | occupation | physicist |
német | Marie Curie | Tätigkeit | Physiker |
francia | Marie Curie | occupation | physicien ou physicienne |
lengyel | Maria Skłodowska-Curie | zajęcie | fizyk |
Q7186 | P106 | Q169470 |
Példa:
- In order to include information about the occupation of Marie Curie in Wikidata, you would need to add a statement to the item for Marie Curie, Marie Curie (Q7186). Using the property, occupation (P106), you could then add the value physicist (Q169470). You could also add the value chemist (Q593644). Note how both chemist and physicist have their own pages in Wikidata, thereby allowing Marie Curie to be linked to these items.
Nyelvfüggetlen alapelvek
Egy állítás egy tulajdonság-érték párból áll, például „hely: Németország”.
A tulajdonság egy állításban leírja az adat értékét; úgy lehet gondolni rá, mint egy kategóriára, mint például „szín”, „népesség” vagy „Commons-médiafájl” (a Wikimédia Commonson tárolt fájl). Az állításban szereplő érték a tényleges adat, ami leírja az elemet.
Statements can also be expanded upon, annotated, or contextualized with the addition of value optionals (qualifiers, references, and rank). The core part of a statement without references and ranks is also called claim. A claim without qualifiers is also referred to as snak.
So, along with sources (references) and ranks, qualifiers allow statements to be expanded on, annotated, or contextualized beyond what can be expressed in just a simple property-value pair.
The structure is property-value(s), with optionals for every value (rank, qualifier and references).
Tulajdonságok
A Wikidatában minden tulajdonságnak van egy előre definiált adattípusa, ami korlátozza, hogy mi adható neki értékül. Például csak más elemeket lehet megadni a „szín” tulajdonság értékének, csak számok adhatók meg a „népesség”-nél, és csak a Commonson megtekinthető fájlok adhatók a „Commons-médiafájl”-hoz.
A tulajdonságok használatával kapcsolatos további tudnivalókért lásd a Wikidata:Properties lapot.
Értékek
Több érték
Ha egy elem természetes módon rendelkezhet több értékkel egy-egy tulajdonsághoz (mint például egy személy gyermekei vagy egy ország hivatalos nyelvei), teljesen rendben van az összes érték hozzáadása.
Ha viszont egy elemnek ideálisan csak egyetlen értékkel kellene rendelkeznie (mint egy város népessége), de több értéke van (például mert különböző források különböző számokat mondanak), az összeset hozzá lehet adni az elemhez, és minősítőket kell használni. A minősítőket arra használjuk, hogy pontosabban leírjuk egy állításban a tulajdonság értékét. Lásd a Segítség:Minősítők lapot további információkért.
Ismeretlen vagy nem létező értékek
Néha egy elemnek nincs értéke egy tulajdonsághoz, vagy az nem ismert. A tulajdonságtól függően ezek is értékes információt jelenthetnek az elemről, így érdemes felvenni őket a Wikidatába. Például mondhatjuk azt, hogy Elizabeth I of England (Q7207) nem rendelkezik értékkel a child (P40) tulajdonsághoz, ami jelentősen eltér attól, mint ha fel sem vennénk a tulajdonságot. Azt is mondhatjuk, hogy William Shakespeare (Q692) esetében ismeretlen a date of birth (P569) tulajdonság értéke.
Az ismeretlen érték azt is jelentheti, hogy az érték valójában ismert, csak nincs Wikidata-eleme. Azonban ebben az esetben erősen ajánlott egy elem létrehozása, ha az megfelel a nevezetességi irányelvnek.
Az értékek többsége a Wikidatában egyedi érték lesz, amit a szokásos módon lehet beírni. Az ismeretlen és nem létező értékeket az értékmező melletti ikonra kattintva lehet beállítani. Ugyanezzel az ikonnal állítható vissza az ismeretlen/nem létező érték egyedi értékre.
Item values
The most common kind of value on Wikidata is the item. This means the property references another item in Wikidata. For example, you might have a statement that says Albert Einstein (Q937) instance of (P31) human (Q5). In other words, the value of the property instance of (P31) for Albert Einstein (Q937) is the item human (Q5). If the value for the property doesn't exist yet (say if Albert Einstein (Q937) were some kind of alien) you can always just make a new item.
Kvantitatív értékek
When adding quantitative values, the following constraints should be noted. The largest positive integer number that Wikidata allows is 9e124
and the largest negative number -9e124
. For floats, one additional decimal place is supported 9,9e124
, but 9,91e124
is not possible. The smallest positive and negative numbers are 1e-124
and -1e-124
. For floats, the exponent can only be 123, making this the smallest positive and negative floats: 1.0e-123
and -1.0e-123
(Note that the zero will be preserved as an indicator of the precision of the value. Compare this to entering 1e-123
).
Csak ellenőrizhető információt adj meg
Wikidata is not a database that stores facts about the world, but a secondary knowledge base that collects and links to references to such knowledge. This means that Wikidata does not state what the population of Germany actually is; it simply provides the information on what the population of Germany is according to a specific source, such as The World Factbook (Q11191).
As such, most statements should be verifiable by referenceable sources of information like a book, scientific publication, or newspaper article. In Wikidata, references are used to point to specific sources that back up the data provided in a statement. For more information, please see Help:Sources.
Plurality and consensus
Because statements essentially point to referenceable sources of information and different sources may provide contradicting information, it's possible to represent a plurality of perspectives on Wikidata.
In case of disputes, community consensus determines the value of a property, however other points of views can be added as additional values as long as they include a source and appropriate qualifiers. Ranks can also be used; if a consensus exists, it should be indicated by a preferred rank. For more information on ranks, please see Help:Ranking.
Please note that disputes should be discussed on the item's discussion page. Edit warring over values is not acceptable.
Disambiguation and other non-item Wikimedia pages
When a Wikidata item refers to a Wikimedia page itself rather than to the subject of the Wikimedia page, the instance of (P31) property should be used to identify the type of page. This includes Category, Template and other pages outside the main namespace.
All disambiguation page items should have the statement 'instance of (P31) Wikimedia disambiguation page (Q4167410)'.
Példák:
- item: Madonna (Q1564372)
- instance of: Wikimedia disambiguation page (Q4167410)
- item: list of lighthouses in Iceland (Q3253135)
- instance of: Wikimedia list article (Q13406463)
Where a Wikipedia page covers more than one concept, object, or thing, and the combination is a coherent subject, use 'has part(s) (P527)' to link to separate Wikidata pages for each of the individual concepts, objects, or things. If the combination is not coherent, but instead a conflation of multiple concepts, objects, or things, use 'instance of (P31) Wikipedia article covering multiple topics (Q21484471)' and 'main subject (P921)' for the individual parts instead; do not use has part(s) (P527) in this case. See Help:Modelling/Wikipedia and Wikimedia concepts § Compound Wikipedia articles for more information.
Exclusion criteria
Wikidata statements should be sourced and contain trustworthy neutral references.
The following types of information should not be added as Wikidata statements:
- Statements that contain or disclose sensitive and/or private information about living persons. See Wikidata:Living people for more information
Order of properties
The displayed order of statements and qualifiers should not have any meaning; they are only ordered based on the date that each statement was added.
At Wikidata, the current configuration splits:
- On items: properties with external identifier datatype at the bottom of pages, all other: above.
- On properties: properties for property constraints at the bottom of pages, all other: above.
In addition, if properties are listed in MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties, they are sorted according to their order on that page, with all properties not listed sorted by date added.
Order of statements for a property
If there are multiple statements with the same property, these appear in the order they have been added. Sample: Q60#P1082 has values for several years.
When querying on Wikidata Query Server, they may appear in this order or any other. For a specific order, other features must be used:
- the rank of the statement
- a qualifier of the statement, such as series ordinal (P1545), ranking (P1352) and point in time (P585)
- the value
- or, if the values are items, some statement on the item used as value
On high profile items, it can be tempting to change the order of display of statements. This should be done with rearrange values.js (Q106683950) after ensuring other features are present. The script was converted into a gadget and can be enabled in Preferences. Avoid deleting and re-creating statements to sort them.
For some multi-valued properties with date or series ordinal qualifiers, the Wikidata community suggested the development of automatic sorting of statements after entry. Sample: display population numbers ordered by year (many items about places have such numbers and there is no point in ordering them manually or differently).
Adding statements
Statements are added to an item page—in this case, for Marcel Bouix (Q16775650), in the following way:
To add qualifiers, sources, or ranks, please see the appropriate help documentation listed at the bottom of the page.
Lásd még
For related Help pages, see:
- Help:Properties, which explains what properties are and what rules they follow
- Help:Sources, which explains what sources are and what rules they follow
- Help:Qualifiers, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow
- Help:Ranking, which explains what ranks are and what rules they follow
- Help:QuickStatements, which explains how to add statements in batches using QuickStatements tool
For additional information and guidance, see:
- Project chat, for discussing all and any aspects of Wikidata
- Wikidata:Glossary, the glossary of terms used in this and other Help pages
- Help:FAQ, frequently asked questions asked and answered by the Wikidata community
- Help:Contents, the Help portal featuring all the documentation available for Wikidata