This page is a translated version of the page Help:Statements and the translation is 50% complete.

你可以通过将条目用属性与其他项或维基共享资源连接起来的方式反映现实生活中的声明Resource Description Framework (Q54872)的图形格式:主谓宾)。举个例子:有一个属性“子女”。你可以使用此属性在孙中山的项里添加一个她是孫科孫婉父亲的声明。还有一个可应用于他的“肖像”的属性是“图像”。使用此属性可以添加他的维基共享资源的肖像到孙中山项中。你可以给所有这些声明添加来源。你可以在截图中看到效果。

语言 项目 属性
英语 Marie Curie occupation physicist
德语 Marie Curie Tätigkeit Physiker
法语 Marie Curie occupation physicien ou physicienne
波兰语 Maria Skłodowska-Curie zajęcie fizyk
  Q7186 P106 Q169470

例子:

为了在Wikidata中包含玛丽·居里的职业信息,您需要为玛丽·居里的项目添加一条语句Marie Curie (Q7186)。使用属性occupation (P106),您可以添加值physicist (Q169470)。您还可以添加值chemist (Q593644)。注意化学家和物理学家如何在维基数据中有他们自己的网页,从而允许玛丽居里链接到这些项目。

语言独立原则

 
维基数据声明的概览
(对于Douglas Adams (Q42)
 
一个由属性值对组成的简单语句的示例
 
例如由多个值与一个属性组成的的描述
 
例如一个理想的维基数据描述由一个属性值对、修饰符和参考文献组成

一个描述由一组描述值对组成,例如“地理位置:德国”

The property in a statement describes the data value, and can be thought of as a category of data like "color", "population," or "Commons media" (files hosted on Wikimedia Commons). The value in the statement is the actual piece of data that describes the item.

Statements can also be expanded upon, annotated, or contextualized with the addition of value optionals (qualifiers, references, and rank). The core part of a statement without references and ranks is also called claim. A claim without qualifiers is also referred to as snak.

So, along with sources (references) and ranks, qualifiers allow statements to be expanded on, annotated, or contextualized beyond what can be expressed in just a simple property-value pair.

The structure is property-value(s), with optionals for every value (rank, qualifier and references).

屬性

Each property in Wikidata is assigned a pre-defined data type which restricts what can be added as its value. For example, only other items can be added as a value for the property "color", only numbers can be added for the property "population," and only multimedia files viewable on Wikimedia Commons can be added for the property "Commons media."

关于如何使用属性,请见Wikidata:Properties

多重值

If an item by nature can have properties with multiple values (like children of a person or official languages of a country), it is perfectly acceptable to add each of these multiple values.

If, on the other hand, an item ideally should have only one value (like the population of a city) but has multiple values (for example, because different sources report different numbers), all values may be added, and additional qualifiers should be used. Qualifiers are used to further describe or refine the value of a property given in a statement. Please see Help:Qualifiers for more information.

未知或无值

There are times when for a given property an item has either no value (the absence of that property) or an unknown value. These data values may still provide important information about the item, and if so should be recorded in Wikidata. For example, we should say that Elizabeth I of England (Q7207) has no value for the child (P40) property, which is a positive statement that she had no children. We should also say that William Shakespeare (Q692) has an unknown value for the date of birth (P569) property, which is a positive statement that that information has not been preserved.

Unknown value may also mean the value is a known object, but that there's currently no Wikidata item about the object. However, in this case it is strongly recommended to create an item for the object, if it meets the notability policy.

The majority of values in Wikidata will be custom values, and are entered in the usual fashion. Unknown values and no values are added to statements by clicking on the icon beside the value field that looks like this  . This icon can also be used when wanting to change an unknown or no value back to a custom value.

数据项值

The most common kind of value on Wikidata is the item. This means the property references another item in Wikidata. For example, you might have a statement that says Albert Einstein (Q937) instance of (P31) human (Q5). In other words, the value of the property instance of (P31) for Albert Einstein (Q937) is the item human (Q5). If the value for the property doesn't exist yet (say if Albert Einstein (Q937) were some kind of alien) you can always just make a new item.

多重值

When adding quantitative values, the following constraints should be noted. The largest positive integer number that Wikidata allows is 9e124 and the largest negative number -9e124. For floats, one additional decimal place is supported 9,9e124, but 9,91e124 is not possible. The smallest positive and negative numbers are 1e-124 and -1e-124. For floats, the exponent can only be 123, making this the smallest positive and negative floats: 1.0e-123 and -1.0e-123 (Note that the zero will be preserved as an indicator of the precision of the value. Compare this to entering 1e-123).

只加入可信信息

Wikidata is not a database that stores facts about the world, but a secondary knowledge base that collects and links to references to such knowledge. This means that Wikidata does not state what the population of Germany actually is; it simply provides the information on what the population of Germany is according to a specific source, such as The World Factbook (Q11191).

As such, most statements should be verifiable by referenceable sources of information like a book, scientific publication, or newspaper article. In Wikidata, references are used to point to specific sources that back up the data provided in a statement. For more information, please see Help:Sources.

简单多数和共识

Because statements essentially point to referenceable sources of information and different sources may provide contradicting information, it's possible to represent a plurality of perspectives on Wikidata.

In case of disputes, community consensus determines the value of a property, however other points of views can be added as additional values as long as they include a source and appropriate qualifiers. Ranks can also be used; if a consensus exists, it should be indicated by a preferred rank. For more information on ranks, please see Help:Ranking.

请注意争议应当在数据项的讨论页上讨论解决。由于数据项的值而发动编辑战的行为不可接受。

消歧義頁與其他非項維基媒體頁面

When a Wikidata item refers to a Wikimedia page itself rather than to the subject of the Wikimedia page, the instance of (P31) property should be used to identify the type of page. This includes Category, Template and other pages outside the main namespace.

消歧义页应只使用属性“'instance of (P31)” “Wikimedia disambiguation page (Q4167410)'”。

例子:

item: Madonna (Q1564372)
instance of: Wikimedia disambiguation page (Q4167410)
item: list of lighthouses in Iceland (Q3253135)
instance of: Wikimedia list article (Q13406463)

Where a Wikipedia page covers more than one concept, object, or thing, and the combination is a coherent subject, use 'has part(s) (P527)' to link to separate Wikidata pages for each of the individual concepts, objects, or things. If the combination is not coherent, but instead a conflation of multiple concepts, objects, or things, use 'instance of (P31) Wikipedia article covering multiple topics (Q21484471)' and 'main subject (P921)' for the individual parts instead; do not use has part(s) (P527) in this case. See Help:Modelling/Wikipedia and Wikimedia concepts § Compound Wikipedia articles for more information.

收錄準則

维基数据陈述应当引用可信的中立参考文献。

以下形式的信息不应该加入维基数据声明:

  • Statements that contain or disclose sensitive and/or private information about living persons. See Wikidata:Living people for more information

属性顺序

The displayed order of statements and qualifiers should not have any meaning; they are only ordered based on the date that each statement was added.

At Wikidata, the current configuration splits:

  • On items: properties with external identifier datatype at the bottom of pages, all other: above.
  • On properties: properties for property constraints at the bottom of pages, all other: above.

In addition, if properties are listed in MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties, they are sorted according to their order on that page, with all properties not listed sorted by date added.

一个属性陈述的顺序

If there are multiple statements with the same property, these appear in the order they have been added. Sample: Q60#P1082 has values for several years.

When querying on Wikidata Query Server, they may appear in this order or any other. For a specific order, other features must be used:

On high profile items, it can be tempting to change the order of display of statements. This should be done with rearrange values.js (Q106683950) after ensuring other features are present. The script was converted into a gadget and can be enabled in Preferences. Avoid deleting and re-creating statements to sort them.

For some multi-valued properties with date or series ordinal qualifiers, the Wikidata community suggested the development of automatic sorting of statements after entry. Sample: display population numbers ordered by year (many items about places have such numbers and there is no point in ordering them manually or differently).

如何加入声明

声明可加入一个数据项页面——因此对于Marcel Bouix (Q16775650),请遵循以下方式:

 
在该页面中找到“声明”章节
 
点选最后一个声明后的“添加声明”
 
此时出现一个名为“属性”的文本框,请在此输入属性名
 
当输入后出现一个下拉式选单,请在此选中一个属性名
 
此时出现一个文本框,请在此输入该属性的值。当输入完毕后,请点选“保存”
 
最后该声明看起来像这样。若要更改或删除它,请点选“编辑”

To add qualifiers, sources, or ranks, please see the appropriate help documentation listed at the bottom of the page.

参见

相关的帮助页面参见:

  • Help:Properties, which explains what properties are and what rules they follow
  • Help:Sources, which explains what sources are and what rules they follow
  • Help:Qualifiers, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow
  • Help:Ranking, which explains what ranks are and what rules they follow
  • Help:QuickStatements, which explains how to add statements in batches using QuickStatements tool

额外的信息和指引参见: