Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Documentation/Languages/ml

language, modern language, natural language
Subclass of	Malayalam, Dravidian
Native label	മലയാളം
Country	India
Indigenous to	Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu
Linguistic typology	subject–object–verb, agglutinative language
Writing system	Malayalam script, Arabi Malayalam script
Ethnologue language status	2 Provincial
Related category	Category:Malayalam pronunciation
Wikimedia language code	ml

General information

Malayalam language is spoken in Kerala (Q1186), Karnataka (Q1185) (Lakshadweep (Q26927)), Puducherry (Q66743), Tamil Nadu (Q1445), etc.

See Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Malayalam for the Malayalam lexeme task force page and more information

Inclusion criteria

See Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Notability and Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Documentation. The following points attempt to summarize them for the Malayalam language

A lemma (w:Lemma (morphology)), called as the dictionary form or base form, is used as the title for "lexeme" entries, while their inflections are to be added to "Forms" section of Lexeme entries
Lexemes allowed to have their own lexeme entries include:
- ✔️ Base form of nouns: അമ്മ (L480), (L578498), സ്നേഹം (L300856), കഥ (L578499)
  - 👉 Declensions of nouns (അമ്മയെ, മണ്ണിൽ, മനുഷ്യനോട്, കഥയുടെ, etc.) are to be added as forms to their respective lexeme entries. This includes the plural form and grammatical cases. e.g: L:L480#F4, L:L578499#F2
- ✔️ Base form of verbs: നിൽക്കുക (L578370), പഠിക്കുക (L413829), തിരുത്തുക (L458922)
  - 👉 Grammatical conjugation of verbs should be added to their forms sections of each verb's lexeme entry. (നിന്നു L:L578370#F2, വന്നു L:L458233#F3, വരും, പഠിക്കും, നിൽക്കുന്നു, etc.)
- ✔️ Proper nouns: കേരളം (L228369), കൊച്ചി (L453386), രാമൻ (L40138), വിക്കിഡാറ്റ, ഈസ്റ്റ് ഇന്ത്യ കമ്പനി, ജോൺ
- ✔️ Base form of pronouns: ഞാൻ (L2437), താൻ (L300690), അവൾ (L300687)
- ✔️ Common/notable adjectives, adverbs, particles, postpositions, determiners, etc. also get their own Lexeme entries.
- ⚠️ Compound words with same meanings as the sum of its combining lexemes are to be avoided for now. Malayalam is an agglutinative language, and many compound words can be constructed by joining; please do not create lexeme entries for them. Not all words get lexeme entries. Mere theoretical constructions are not allowed.
- ⚠️ Compound words of numbers or numerals above 100 should not be added. e.g., "ആയിരത്തി മുപ്പത്" should not have an entry.
- 👉 Declensions of nouns, verbs, pronouns and proper nouns should be added to the "Form" section of their respective Lexeme entries. No separate lexeme pages should be created just for the declension forms.

Words with same spelling but different lexical category should have separate lexeme entries. Homograph words with same lexical category, but of totally different etymologies can also have separate lexeme entries.

Layout

Every lexeme entry has the following layout:

Lemma (dictionary form) of the lexeme as title or headword, along with lexeme ID. Language code and lexical category is also given.
- Senses - different meanings of the same word
  - Statements for senses. This usually includes image, item for this sense, translation, synonym, antonym, usage example, and more (see list). Note that for translation, antonym, & synonym properties, the lexeme "sense ID" (LXXXXX-S1) of the target lexeme has to be copy pasted, not the lexeme ID.
- Forms - different forms and cases of the lexeme

Lexical category

Following are some of the important lexical categories:

Lexeme granularity

Pronoun lexemes

Alphabets

See Malayalam alphabets: w:ml:മലയാളലിപി. All unicode symbols: wikt:Appendix:Unicode/Malayalam

Sandhi

Sandhi: combining/joining of two words or phonemes. More details: w:ml:സന്ധി (വ്യാകരണം)

Pronunciation

See: w:Malayalam#Phonology and w:Help:IPA/Malayalam

Note:
- ന can represent both dental nasal /n̪/ or alveolar nasal /n/ depending on the word. Alveolar nasal (archaic ഩ) occurs in words like പന, മാനം, ഇനം, etc., while dental nasal sound occurs for words like നന്ദി, നാല്. Letter ൻ represents vowel-less alveolar nasal consonant.
- റ represents voiced alveolar trill /r/ when alone, and voiceless alveolar plosive /ta/ (archaic ഺ) when occurring as റ്റ and ന്റ (ന്‌റ)
- ് (chandrakkala) have different purposes: (1) suppress inherent vowel, (2) to conjoin two letters, (3) as substitute for "chillaksharam" or (4) as "samvruthokaram"( ു് ) or half-u at the end of a word

Queries

Main article: Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Malayalam/Queries

Lexeme entries missing sense: query result
All lexemes without any form: result

LinguaLibre audio recording

You can use a Wikidata Query URL with Form-ID in External Tools option in LinguaLibre, and then the User:Lingua Libre Bot will automatically add pronunciation audio file in the respective Form-id of lexeme entry. An illustrated guide for Malayalam: Guidepage

All lexeme forms of Malayalam language missing pronunciation audio: query

All lemma forms (headwords) missing pronunciation: query

Lexicographical Coverage

Lexicographical Coverage in Malayalam based on Leipzig Corpora Collection

How to Contribute

Edit · Page history · Watch · refresh To-do list for WD:Lexicographical data/Malayalam:
To-do Etherpad page for ml Add senses to all existing lexemes Add translations to and from senses of different languages Fix errors that got added to the current Malayalam lexicographical data Add most frequent missing forms Add images, synonyms, antonyms, items for this sense, and other properties for the senses.
Priority todo

Top 1000 Missing forms based on Leipzig Corpora Collection

Resources

Section transcluded from: Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Malayalam/Resources

For other languages, see WD:Lexicographical data/Documentation/Resources

Wikisource

Wikisource:ml:Category:നിഘണ്ടുക്കൾ & s:ml:Category:വ്യാകരണം: About 25 Malayalam grammar books in digitized copy-pastable text version in public domain.
- Dictionary- Malayalam to English (2) Gundert 1872. Q-item: A Malayalam and English dictionary 1872 (Q108106791)
- Dictionary- Malayalam to English Bailey 1846. Q-item: A dictionary of high and colloquial Malayalim and English 1846 (Q108108117)
- Dictionary- English to Malayalam Bailey 1849. Q-item: A dictionary, English and Malayalim 1849 (Q108107837)
- Dictionary- English to Malayalam Stolz 1870. Q-item: School-dictionary English and Malayalam 1870 (Q108103580)
- Grammar- Malayalam to English Peet 1841. Q-item: A Grammar of the Malayalim Language (Q107608994)
Commons:Category:Malayalam grammar & c:Category:Malayalam dictionaries (50 scanned grammar book PDFs)
- Dictionary- Malayalam to English Laseron 1856. Q-item: English-Malayalam dictionary 1856 (Q108103599)
- Dictionary- English to Malayalam Zacharias 1907. Q-item: An English-Malayalam dictionary 1907 (Q108108324)
- Malayalam synonyms Kunjikrishnapilla 1913. Q-item: Paryaya Nighandu (Q117315623)

Citable external resources

https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/gundert/ Searchable Gundert dictionary. (public domain) Use A Malayalam and English dictionary 1872 (Q108106791) on described by source (P1343)
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/variyar/ M. I. Warrier (copyrighted, but free to view) Malayalam to English dictionary. Q-item: Malayalam-English Dictionary (Q113610583)
Dictionary- Malayalam-Malayalam (Shabdatharavali). Digitized version of PD book in digital text format. Q-item: Sabdatharavali (Q16134374)

Wiktionary

Wiktionary:en:Category:Malayalam lemmas (Note that Wiktionaries are cc-by-sa licensed while WD:Lexemes is cc0 licensed.)
Malayalam Wiktionary (lemmas)

Government of Kerala

https://malayalanighandu.kerala.gov.in/ Official inauguration on 1 November 2023. Q-item: Malayalanighandu (Q120442237)
glossary.kerala.gov.in & books (downloadable) English to Malayalam
https://scert.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/science-subjects.pdf Malayalam Technical Dictionary by Government of Kerala

Help Pages

Wiktionary:About Malayalam
Wikidata:Lexicographical data (Official Project Page)

Other online dictionaries

https://നിഘണ്ടു.ഭാരതം/ Malayalam Online Dictionary (not OpenSource)
http://malayalamwordnet.cusat.ac.in Malayalam Wordnet by Cochin University (slow). Q-item: Malayalam WordNet (Q25112033)
https://olam.in/ Online Malayalam dictionary based on the Datuk corpus. The Datuk corpus was released under CC0 license for us by Kailash Nadh (Q118178554).

Tools

WD:Tools/Lexicographical data

https://morph.smc.org.in/analyser.html & generator Web app to analyze and generate Malayalam lemmas
Wikidata Lexeme Forms