Wikidata:Glosar
Outdated translations are marked like this.
Elementele unei afirmații, din itemul Q42
Wikidata este o bază de cunoștințe la a cărei editare poate fiecare să contribuie. Până ce începeți participarea concretă, este recomandabil să vă familiarizați puțin cu Glosarul Wikidata. În acest fel, vă veti familiariza cu terminologia utilizată, ceea ce va îmbunătăți discuțiile și comunicarea între redactori.
| Glosar |
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| Alias (also also known as) is an alternative name for an item or a property. The usual or most important name is the label. Aliases help people find an item even if they don’t search with the label. For example, the item Q2 has the label “Earth” and aliases such as “Tellus” and “Blue Planet”. It's a type of term. Further information: Help:Aliases
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| Article placeholder is an extension to display stub articles and to start Wikipedia articles based on a view of Wikidata items. See mw:Extension:ArticlePlaceholder. |
| Insignele sunt un fel de marcaj atașat unei legături către site, care ar putea identifica, de exemplu, că articolul este un „articol de calitate” pe un anume site. Ele nu descriu entitatea externă, ci pagina de pe site-ul respectiv. Further information: Help:Badges
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| Category item, template item and module item are Wikidata items with sitelinks to categories, templates, or modules on Wikimedia sites. When the last sitelink is deleted, these items are generally deleted (see Wikidata:Database reports/to delete). |
| Claim is a piece of data about the entity on the page where the claim appears. A claim consists of a property (such as locul actual) and either a value (e.g., Germania) or one of the special cases "no value" and "unknown value". A claim can have qualifiers, such as temporal qualifiers saying that the claim is valid within a specific time frame. Compared to triples in the RDF data model, a claim uses a property to express the predicate of a triple and a value to express the object of a triple. Claims form part of statements on item pages, where they can be augmented with references and ranks. They can also occur on non-item data pages. |
| Commons (or Wikimedia Commons) is a Wikimedia project to store images, audio, video and other files. Wikibase includes three different datatypes to link from Wikidata to media files, geographic shapes and tabular data. Commons is adding statements to files as mediaentities. |
| Completeness is an assessment of available data with a measure for coverage. At Wikidata the presence of an item or statement does not imply that all similar items or statements are present. Wikibase does not include any completeness indicator. Quantity properties can be used to compare with available statements or items. Example: The item about states of the USA has a statement with quantity 50. One can compare that with the count of uses of the item. A few tools attempt to measure completeness. To some extent, property suggester and suggestion constraints indicate elements missing to complete items. |
| Complex constraint (or custom constraint) is a constraint defined by a freely chosen SPARQL query in a template on a property talk page. Further information: Template:Complex constraint
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| Conflation is a type of error, usually on an item, where aspects of several distinct concepts are mixed together. For example, an item with the date of birth of one person and the occupation of another person with the same name. Further information: Help:Conflation
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| Constraint is a rule for how a particular property should be used. For instance most identifiers should have only one value, so there is a single value constraint on them. A special kind are called complex constraints. Further information: Help:Constraints
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| Constraint report can refer to a series of periodically updated pages for each property based on constraints or a special page for an individual item or other entity. Further information: Wikidata:Database reports/Constraint violations
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| Cradle is an editing tool to create new Wikidata items based on a form with predefined properties and values. Further information: Wikidata:Cradle
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| Datatype (or propertyType) is an attribute of a property specifying the type and shape of the value in each claim. Each property is assigned a pre-defined datatype, which usually can not be changed. Not all values can be linked, as long as there are certain datatypes missing. Data types can only be defined by developers. See also Special:ListDatatypes for currently available datatypes. Data type does not directly specify how values are stored internally; this is specified by value type. Further information: Help:Data type
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| Data namespaces are namespaces for pages that hold Wikidata entities. The data namespaces in Wikidata are the main namespace for the Wikidata items, "Property:" for properties, and "Lexeme:" for lexemes. Further information: Help:Namespaces
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| Date (or time or timeValue) is a datatype for property values. It allows to enter dates in different precisions and enables date calculations in queries. Hour or minute precision isn't supported. The Wikidata property for the date of foundation has such values. Further information: Help:Dates
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| Description is a language-specific descriptive phrase for an item or property. It provides context for the label (for example, there are many items about places with the label "Cambridge"). The description therefore does not need to be unique, neither within a language or Wikidata in general, but it must be unique together with the label. Uniqueness for a combination of a label and a description is strictly enforced. If your edit does not meet this requirement you cannot publish it. It's a type of term. Further information: Help:Description
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| Disambiguation item is a Wikidata item with sitelinks to disambiguation pages. This is its only purpose. Generally, it has a claim with este un/o=pagină de dezambiguizare Wikimedia. Further information: Wikidata:WikiProject Disambiguation pages
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| Duplicate is an entity, generally an item, about the same concept as another entity. Duplicates are usually merged creating a redirecting entity. Special types of duplicates are temporary duplicates, permanent duplicates, and true duplicates. |
| Editing interface is a view that allows to add or modify data. These views are the default view, the Commons structured data interface, Wikidata bridge, and a series of API-based tools, notably QuickStatements, Cradle, PetScan, OpenRefine or the Pywikibot framework. |
Entitate (în [$1 mesajele din interfața utilizator Wikidata] fiind denumite uneori seturi de date) sunt conținutul de date al unei pagini, care pot fi fie un element (din spațiul de nume principal), o proprietate (din spațiul de nume al proprietăților), fie o interogare (din spațiul interogărilor). Fiecare entitate este identificată unic cu un ID de entitate, care este un număr prefixat, de exemplu începând cu prefixul Other extensions may define new types of entities. For example:
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| Entity selector allows picking an entity by entering part of its name and selecting it from a list of search results. For items, the results are based on the labels and aliases. The description is displayed, if there is one. Example: type "human" to pick Q1156970 from "human (Q5) common name of Homo sapiens", "humanity (Q1156970) total world population of human", etc. This is different from the Property Suggester. Further information: Help:Suggesters and selectors and Property suggester
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| EntitySchema is a special type of Wikidata page containing a document in ShEx format, and related metadata. Although it may have labels, descriptions and aliases similar to items, it is not a type of entity. Entities may be validated against an EntitySchema using the ShEx2 — Simple Online Validator tool. Further information: Wikidata:Schemas Further information: Wikidata:WikiProject Schemas
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| External identifier is a type of property — a string used in the database of external organizations. Some properties have external identifiers as values. They uniquely identify an item, although the uniqueness is not enforced by software, but controlled by constraint. For example, an ISBN for a book or the unique part of the URL of a movie or an actor in the Internet Movie Database. |
| Federation query is a query through a service available on Query Server allowing to access databases other than Wikidata. Further information: Wikidata:SPARQL federation input
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| Form is a string of characters that occurs in a particular grammatical context for a lexeme. Every Lexeme may have multiple forms. Forms are identified on each lexeme by the Lexeme ID followed by a dash, the letter "F" and a number. Forms may have statements just as other entities do. They are also assigned grammatical features such as "plural" for Form L1298-F2 ("forms"). Further information: Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Glossary
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| Historic information is included by qualifying it with a date. If information is no longer current, date qualifiers are added instead of statements overwritten. Historic information is different from incorrect information |
| Human (or instance of human) is a Wikidata item about a person or an individual. It has a claim with este un/o=om. |
| Incorrect information is a claim supported by a reference, but generally considered invalid or inaccurate. While Wikipedia generally excludes such information, Wikidata's deprecated rank allows to flag such statements. This helps avoid a situation in which it's deleted and erroneously re-added as valid information. Incorrect information is different from historic information |
| Instance of, subclass of, and has part (also class or type) are used on Wikidata to refer to the properties este un/o, subclasă a, constând în, and a few other related ontological properties, their values, or items using them. Further information: Help:Basic membership properties
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| Element (în unele limbi denumit item, subiect sau obiect în interfața utilizator) se referă la un obiect, concept, eveniment etc. din lumea reală, căruia i se asociază un identificator (echivalentul unui nume) în Wikidata împreună cu informații despre el. Fiecare element are o Pagină wiki corespunzătoare în spațiul de nume principal Wikidata. Elementele sunt identificate printr-un ID prefixat (cum ar fi Q5), sau printr-p legătură de site către o pagină externă, ori printr-o combinație unică de etichete și descrieri. Elementele pot avea și aliasuri pentru a facilita căutarea. Partea principală de date a unui element este lista de declarații despre element. Un element poate fi văzut ca partea-subiect a unei triplete din datele legate. Further information: Help:Items
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| Item identifier: see QID below. |
| Label (also name) is the main name given to an entity (i.e. an item or a property). E.g. the item with the item identifier Q7378 has the English label “elephant”. An entity may have one label in each given human language. Labels do not need to be unique. Descriptions and aliases are used to distinguish between entities with the same label. A label of a Wikidata page is automatically displayed in the user interface language in front of its id (e.g. "elephant (Q7378)"). A label does not uniquely identify the page; this function is served by its QID (title) only. The label is a type of term. In English, labels should generally follow the English language capitalization rules, i.e. uppercase should only be used in proper nouns. Further information: Help:Labels
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| Lag or database lag at Wikidata is a delay in the update of data on other projects or Query Server. |
| Atributele limbajului sunt etichete, alias-sinonime şi descrieri specifice de limbaj care sunt atribuite elementelor, proprietăţilor şi interogărilor. Acestea sunt de tip text lizibil pentru a îmbunătăţi înţelegerea scopului unui element; de exemplu tipul specific al entităţii lumii reale. Dacă lipsesc unele elemente, acestea sunt înlocuite de caractere din limbile alternative, urmând lanţuri generice pentru acea limbă. |
| Language code is an identifier for the language of a label, description, alias, or monolingual text value. The language codes for labels, descriptions, and aliases are shared with other Wikimedia projects. More codes for monolingual text are defined specifically for Wikidata. Lexemes use some of these, as well as some additional codes or items to identify the language in lemma, gloss, and form. A language code is also assigned to sitelinks. Codes are based mostly on IETF language tags. Further information: Help:Monolingual text languages
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| Language fallbacks (also language chains) are methods to systematically replace missing language attributes with strings from alternate languages. The exact replacement rules can be chosen depending on the type of page, whether the user is logged in, or the user preferred languages. |
| Lexeme is an entity of Lexicographical data. It contains sense and form sub-entities, but no sitelinks. Instead of a label, a description, and aliases, lexeme entities have a lemma (possibly more than one, for languages with spelling variants), a language, and a lexical category. Further information: Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Glossary
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| LID (or L number) The identifier for a lexeme entity in Wikidata, comprising the letter "L" followed by one or more digits. |
| Listeria (or Wikidata list) is a tool to show data from Wikidata in list form at Wikimedia projects. Data is periodically updated by bot. Further information: Template:Wikidata list
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| Spatiul principal este spaţiul în care se află toate elementele. Se deosebeşte de celelalte prin lipsa prefixului. Further information: Help:Namespaces
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| MediaWiki este o aplicație software pe care sunt bazate toate proiectele Wikimedia. Deoarece software-ul este liber, există mii de instalări ale sale la diferite entități; vezi și What is MediaWiki/Ce_este_MediaWiki pentru detalii. |
| MediaInfo is a type of entity used to describe files. It's activated on Wikimedia Commons. |
| Meta-paginile se referă la paginile care nu sunt entităţi, adică nu aparţin la spaţiile de date. Meta-paginile Wikidata conţin informaţii nestructurate reprezentate prin cod conventional Mediawiki, eventual şi viitorul cod Wikidata clientde includere. Exemple sunt paginile de discuţii, paginile categorii, paginile proiect (din spaţiul Wikidata) şi paginile de ajutor (din spaţiul de ajutor). Meta-pagini sunt şi conţinutul şi informaţiile generate automat de aplicaţia Mediawiki, de exemplu istoricul unei pagini sau paginile speciale. |
| Name item is a Wikidata item about a given name or a family name. Such items are used as values for nume de familie or prenume and can include additional information and sitelinks. Further information: Wikidata:WikiProject Names
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| Spaţiul (Namespace) este o diviziune fizică a paginilor din MediaWiki pentru a le grupa în funcţie de utilizarea lor sau de alte comportamente suplimentare. Exemple de spaţii (namespaces): pentru categorii, fişiere, utilizatori şi în cazul Wikidata, trei spaţii pentru informaţii: elemente (în spaţiul principal), proprietăţi şi interogări. Pentru detalii, consultaţi lista spaţiilor. Further information: Help:Namespaces
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| Object See Subject |
| Order of statements is generally determined by the view being used and not significant. Many views display data retrieved or entered first before other. Some views sort or allow to sort statements based on qualifier value, statement value, property, or datatype. |
| Pagina se referă la o pagină web internă sau externă care are un titlu unic, de exemplu un articol din Wikipedia sau un element din Wikidata. În Wikidata, termenul pagină se poate referi şi la un element sau la o pagină proprietate din spaţiul cu date, o metapagină din alte spaţii sau o legătură la o pagină externă de pe Wikipedia sau alt site - Wikimedia sau site extern, care este menţionat folosind o legătură la site. Paginile din spaţiul principal de informaţii al Wikidata se referă la articole şi o pagină poate conţine doar un element. |
| Predicate See Subject |
| Prefix Used in the query service. Further information: mw:Wikibase/Indexing/RDF Dump Format/Prefixes Further information: EntitySchema:E49
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| Project is a term often used in the Wikimedia movement to refer to a Wikimedia wiki. In Wikidata, the term usually refers to Wikidata itself. |
| Proprietatea (în unele limbi tradusă ca atribut) este descriptorul pentru o valoare a datelor, sau o altă relație sau posibil valoare lipsă, dar nu valoarea sau valorile de date însele. Fiecare declarație de la o pagină de element are o legătură cu o proprietate, și asignează proprietății una sau mai multe valori, sau alte relații sau valori compuse, ori eventual lipsa unei valori. Proprietatea este stocată pe o pagină din spațiul de nume Property, și cuprinde o declarație a tipului de date pentru valorile proprietății. În raport cu datele legate, proprietatea reprezintă predicatul tripletei. Further information: Help:Properties
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| Property suggester provides a preselection of properties when adding statements to Wikidata items. These are based on the frequency of the properties on similar items. Example: on an item with este un/o=om only, suggestions could be sex sau gen, ocupație, data nașterii. These may or may not be appropriate for the specific item. This is different from entity selector and suggestion constraints. Further information: Help:Suggesters and selectors
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| QID (or Q number) is the unique identifier of a data item on Wikidata, comprising the letter "Q" followed by one or more digits. It is used to help people and machines understand the difference between items with the same or similar names. For example, there are several places in the world called London and many people called James Smith. This number appears next to the label at the top of each Wikidata item. |
| Qualifier is a part of the claim that says something about the specific claim, often in a descriptive way. A qualifier might be a term according to a specific vocabulary but can also be a variant descriptive phrase (whether those terms or phrases are free text or part of some vocabulary would probably be up to the Wikidata community). Further information: Help:Qualifiers
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| Quantity (incorrectly number) is a datatype for property values. It allows to enter integers or decimal numbers. Optionally a unit or a bound can be included. The Wikidata property for population has such values. Numeric identifiers are not quantities, but external identifiers. Further information: Help:Data type#Quantity
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| Interogarea (feature din viitor) este o căutare predefinită între elemente. O interogare este descriptorul unei căutări predefinite, dar nu și rezultatele date de această căutare. O interogare poate fi executată pentru a obține rezultate, care poate fi utilă pentru generarea automată și traducerea de articole de tip listă. Vedeți Wikidata:Lists task force (Faza III a Wikidata). Fiecare interogare este o entitate și este descrisă și definită în propria sa pagină, și are propriul său identificator prefixat. Further information: Wikidata:SPARQL query service/Wikidata Query Help
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| QuickStatements (QS) is a third-party tool that can edit Wikidata items, based on a simple set of text commands. The tool can add and remove statements, labels, descriptions, and aliases. It can also add statements with optional qualifiers and sources. Further information: Help:QuickStatements
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| Rank is a quality factor used for simple selection and filtering in cases where there are several statements for a given property. In such cases, you may want to indicate which statement is more important or relevant than other statements. By default, a statement has the rank "normal", but you can change this to either "preferred" or "deprecated". "deprecated" rank can be used for statements supported by a reference, but considered incorrect. Further information: Help:Ranking
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| Redirecting entity (or redirect) is an item or a lexeme that redirects to another item or lexeme (target). As in many uses these would need to be queried specifically, a bot usually replaces redirects used as values with their target. Further information: Help:Redirects
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| A Reference (or source) is used to point to a specific resource that supports a claim in Wikidata. A reference can be a link to a URL or an item; for example, an item about a book. Wikidata does not aim to answer the question of whether a claim is correct, but only whether the claim appears in a reference. A claim together with the reference form a statement. Further information: Help:Sources
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| Repurposing is changing the definition or scope of an entity, in general an item, by editing its label, description or statements. Generally to be avoided. |
| Sandbox or sandbox items are series of items, properties and other entities at Wikidata to test features within the Wikidata live database. Examples: item Q4115189, property Property:P369, EntitySchema EntitySchema:E123, lexeme Lexeme:L123. |
| Sense refers to a specific meaning for a lexeme. Senses are identified on each lexeme by the Lexeme ID followed by a dash, the letter "S" and a number. Senses may have statements just as other entities do. They also allow a "gloss": a free-form description of the meaning (one per language). Further information: Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Glossary
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Site este o referire la un website extern în general, dar în cadrul legăturilor către site-uri se referă la anumite wikiuri înregistrate, de exemplu, o ediție de Wikipedia într-o anume limbă. Aceste site-uri sunt referite prin identificatoare globale de site sau pe scurt siteid, corespunzând tehnic DBname-ului wikiului. De exemplu, siteid-ul Wikipediei în latină este lawiki. Fiecare pagină externă poate avea doar o legătură înregistrată în Wikidata și un element poate avea un singur link pentru fiecare site extern.
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| Legătura către site (în interfața utilizator denumită Listă de pagini legate de acest element) este o indicație a unei pagini legate de pe un alt site. Ea constă dintr-un identificator al site-ului și un titlu. Ele sunt stocate într-un element individual la Wikidata. Ele sunt utilizate atât pentru identificarea unui item de pe un site extern, cât și ca depozit central al legăturilor interwiki. Vezi și Help:Sitelinks. Further information: Help:Sitelinks
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| Sitelinks between Wiktionary editions are generally not provided through Wikidata, but another function. Further information: Wikidata:Wiktionary/Sitelinks
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| Snak is a technical term of Wikibase software which data users are most likely to encounter when accessing Wikidata through the MediaWiki API. It refers to the combination of a property and either a value or one of the special cases "no value" and "unknown value". Snaks can be found in claims (then they are called main snaks) or in qualifiers as part of statements (then they are called qualifier snaks). E.g., in the statement "Emma Watson was a cast member of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in the role of Hermione Granger" there is a main snak "was a cast member of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" and a qualifier snak "in the role of Hermione Granger". |
| A Statement is a piece of data about an item, recorded on the item's page. A statement consists of a claim (a property-value pair such as "Location: Germany", together with optional qualifiers), augmented by references (giving the source for the claim) and a rank (used to distinguish between several claims containing the same property; "normal" by default). Wikidata makes no assumptions about the correctness of statements, but merely collects and reports them with a reference to a source. The term "statement" is often used interchangeably with "claim", but technically it only becomes a statement once at least one reference has been added. Further information: Help:Statements
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String (also character string) is a general term for a sequence of freely chosen characters interpreted as text like "Hello", as opposed to a value interpreted as a numerical value (like 3.14) or a link to an item (like [[Q1234]]). In addition to a string datatype, Wikidata supports language-specific texts using "monolingual-text" as the value of a property.
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| Subject, predicate and object are terms sometimes used to describe a claim when viewing entity, property and value as a triple. |
| Suggestion constraint is a status of a property constraint that provides suggestions of additional improvements. This can be statements with other properties to be added to the item. |
| Term is a part of entity, includes label, description and alias. Terms may only be plain text (i.e. not containing any wiki markup). |
| Termbox is the zone at the top of an item page, which includes the labels, the descriptions, and the aliases in different languages. |
| Titlu poate fi legatura la numele unei pagini externe (numit şi titlu-legătură la alt site), numele unei meta pagini, sau ID entitate a unei pagini entitate. Dacă pagina nu aparţine spaţiului principal, acel titlu va include şi spaţiul:id. |
| Triple (or "semantic triple", or "triplet") is the atomic data entity in the RDF data model, which codifies statements in the form of subject–predicate–object expressions. |
| Unit is a Wikidata item used with a quantity-value. Frequently used units are metre or EUR, but any item could be used as unit. If the unit includes a conversion to SI unit statement, quantities with the unit are normalized based on that. See mw:Wikibase/Indexing/RDF Dump Format#Normalized values. |
| Value (also datavalue) is the actual piece of information stored within a claim. Wikidata has a range of allowed datatypes, such as "item", "mathematical expression", and "quantity". The datatype needed for any given claim is determined by the property used (e.g. the value in a "place of birth" claim must be an "item"). Instead of a normal value, you can also use one of the special cases "unknown value" or "no value" in a claim. Further information: Help:Statements
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| Value type is the way values are stored internally. Each data type corresponds to one value type. For example, although external identifier, Commons media and mathematical expression are different datatypes, they all use the "string" value type. Values for some data types contain multiple parts with different value types. For example, a quantity contains four parts: "amount", "unit", "upperbound" and "lowerbound", the last two being optional. Unit is a URL which points to a Wikidata item; the other three parts are numbers in string (not floating-point number). |
| View is a way data can be visualized or accessed. Besides the default view, Wikibase offers views for mobile devices, as well as for rdf and json formats. The data can be accessed with an API. Data on Wikidata is mirrored on Wikidata Query Server offering various result views. Some of the views are editing views, others not. Examples of tools and extensions that provide custom views are Reasonator, Article Placeholder, and Listeria. Further information: Wikidata:Data access Further information: Wikidata:How to use data on Wikimedia projects Further information: Wikidata:SPARQL query service/Wikidata Query Help/Result Views
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| Wikibase is the software behind Wikidata. It consists of a set of extensions to the MediaWiki software. These extensions allow Wikidata to manage data in items and properties, and search for this data using queries. Further information: Help:Wikibase
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| Wikidata este un proiect Wikimedia care rulează o instanţă a MediaWiki cu extensii Wikibase. Acesta permite redactorilor Wikidata să introducă informaţii şi să navigheze pe diverse pagini. Further information: Wikidata:Introduction
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| Wikidata Query Service (or WDQS) is the official service for querying Wikidata using the SPARQL query language. Further information: Wikidata:SPARQL query service/Wikidata Query Help
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| Wikimedia este numele unei mișcări (vezi link pentru detalii) care furnizează publicului cunoștințe libere prin intermediul proiectelor sale. Further information: Help:Wikimedia
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| Proiectele Wikimedia (vezi detalii) sunt wiki-uri sau grupuri de wiki-uri libere, fiecare cu câte o destinație specifică. Un grup de wiki-uri care tratează același tip de conținut constituie un unic proiect, fiecare wiki din cadrul său reprezentând o ediție a proiectului într-o limbă, cum este cazul la Wikipedia. Wikidata este un proiect multilingv al Wikimediei, care are un singur wiki. Există aproximativ 800 de wiki-uri diferite în total pentru proiectele Wikimedia. În ceea ce privește acum, doar proiectele Wikimedia pot fi legate de Wikidata. Further information: Help:Wiki
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